高中英语语法填空专项训练

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无提示词的填空
这类空主要考查虚词,包括介词、连词、冠词和感叹词,多以介词固定搭配、并列成分和并列词类连接、从句连接词、冠词等形式呈现。此类空也可能考查代词,如 it、one 等。
1

考查介词
关键是考查同学们对介词基本词义和固定搭配的掌握程度。
【考例】 He flew 4,700 kilometers ________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20. (2022年全国甲卷)
【解析】考查介词固定搭配。from ... to ... 意为“从……到……”(可以指时间和位置的始终),故填from。
2

考查并列连词
主要考查连接并列句子成分、并列词类的并列连词。
【考例】 The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)
【解析】考查并列连词。所填词连接四个动词-ing形式(protecting、preserving、protecting和leaving),表示“并且”,故填and。
3

考查冠词
常考查表示“这个,这一”的定冠词 the 和表示“一个,一类”的不定冠词a、an的基本用法。
【考例】 Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)
【解析】考查倍数的表达方式。“倍数+ the size of ...”意为“是……的几倍大”,是固定搭配,故填the。
4

考查各类从句的引导词
主要考查定语从句的关系词、状语从句的连接词和名词性从句的引导词。
【考例1】 In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷)
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。空格前是 artist,空格后的 paintings 指的是其“作品”,分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,且从句中缺少定语,故填关系代词 whose。
【考例2】 Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. (2020年浙江卷)
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。分析句子可知, depend on 后为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,同时空格处表示“……的事物”,故填 what。

有提示词的填空
每个空格处提供一个实词,包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词和数词。实词词形的变化是考查重点。
1

考查动词
动词主要考查谓语动词(时态、语态、虚拟语气、人称和数)和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词-ing和过去分词)。
【考例1】 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。that引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,空格处提示词是 be 动词,作谓语,先行词areas为复数,且previously 是表示过去的时间副词,因此,该空应用一般过去时,故填were。
【考例2】 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. (2022年全国甲卷)
【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。动词 journey 修饰说明 a first step,并且表示将来的动作,需要用动词不定式,故填 to journey.
【考例3】 Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. (2022年全国甲卷)
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。动词 hold 在句中作the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 的后置定语,并与之有被动关系,且已经发生,因此需要用动词的过去分词形式,故填 held。
2

考查名词
主要考查名词单复数的变化、名词的构词法形式和名词所有格。
【考例1】 Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ________ (protect). (2022年全国甲卷)
【解析】考查动词变名词。形容词 environmental 后的被修饰词应该是动词protect的名词形式,故填 protection。
【考例2】 The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)
【解析】考查可数名词的复数形式。separate 意为“不同的”,修饰的可数名词 population 需用复数形式,故填 populations。