【56】皮肤癌 黑色素瘤晚期存活率过半

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Skin cancer: Half of people surviving advanced melanoma

皮肤癌：黑色素瘤晚期存活率过半

There has been a staggering transformation in the treatment of melanoma. Ten years ago the disease was considered untreatable once it had spread round the body. People with advanced melanoma lived for between six and nine months. Now half are alive five years later.

恶性黑色素瘤的治疗发生了惊人的转变。十年前，这种疾病一旦扩散到全身就被看作是不治之症，黑色素瘤晚期患者的存活时间为六到九个月。现在，有一半人在五年后还活着。

Our immune system constantly patrols our body fighting off hostile invaders such as viruses. It should attack cancers too, but they can learn ways of hiding. The two drugs used in this trial- ipilimumab and nivolumab- both stop some cancers hiding and allow the immune system to attack. This is not one of those health stories where we say patients might benefit in a decade's time- this is saving lives today.

我们的免疫系统总是在全身各处巡查，击退病毒等不友好的入侵者。它本应攻击体内的各种癌细胞，但后者能变换花样地隐藏起来。试验中使用的两种药物易普利姆玛（ipilimumab）与纳武利尤单抗（nivolumab）都能阻止一些癌症的隐藏，从而让免疫系统得以出击。这不是那种我们说病人可能在十年后受益的健康故事，而是在此时此刻就在拯救生命的故事。

Immunotherapy is Nobel prize-winning science that is now a key pillar of cancer treatment alongside chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. It does not cure every patient but it is making the untreatable treatable.

免疫疗法是获得诺贝尔奖的科学，现在是治疗癌症的一个关键支柱，与化学疗法、放射治疗和手术并列。它虽不能治愈每一位患者，但它让不治之症变得可以治愈。