求助，请问这句话翻译语法有问题吗？

有问题，changes 可数，所以用 how many， take place这里不能用被动。illustrate没有问题，这里和show一个意思，可以互换。
可以这样修改：The diagram below illustrates how many changes had taken place in the village of Kelsby between 1780 and 2000.
或者更接近你的中文里的"多大变化":
The diagram below illustrates how much of a change the village of Kelsby had been through between 1780 and 2000.

以上这张图。用the above chart
表现 showed (illustrates 的意思是 阐明,说明,举例说明 )

how many changes were taken place in the town from 1780 to 2000 .
既然是有可数的，那么用many，并且谓语动词要用复数。
between。。and。。。 是指两者之间。
看来语法很有问题，一句话出现多个不恰当的用法。