> Over 1 in 10 young adults regularly use e-cigarettes, CDC report says
美国疾控中心：超10%美国年轻人经常吸食电子烟
More than one in 10 young adults in the United States regularly use e-cigarettes, according to a new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
据美国疾控中心的最新报告显示，全美超十分之一的年轻人经常吸食电子烟。
The study, conducted by CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics, provides a snapshot of e-cigarette use in 2021. Based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, the report identified that e-cigarette use generally declined as family income increased. Adults under 44 were more likely to be dual users of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
一份由美国疾控中心的国家卫生统计中心发起的研究呈现了2021年美国的电子烟使用情况。据美国国民健康访问调查数据显示，电子烟的吸食情况与家庭收入成反比。而44岁以下的成年人更有可能是香烟和电子烟的双重吸食者。
Previous findings from the National Health Interview Survey have shown that cigarette use has fallen to record lows. E-cigarettes, however, have flared in popularity.
此前美国国民健康访问调查称，香烟的吸食情况已经降至历史最低水平。然而电子烟却开始流行起来。
From 2020 to 2022, e-cigarette sales jumped in the US, to 22.7 million products sold each month, according to previous CDC research. More brands – particularly of disposable e-cigarette products – entered the market, while fruit and candy flavors that appeal to younger users surged in popularity.
据美疾控中心之前的研究，从2020年到2022年，美国的电子烟销量增速迅猛，月销量达到2270万支。越来越多的品牌进入市场，尤其是一次性的电子烟，而水果味和糖果味的电子烟备受年轻人的青睐。
The new data indicates that a little under 1 in 20 adults reported in 2021 that they were current e-cigarette users, with slightly higher rates among men than women. Young adults, between the ages of 18 and 24, used e-cigarettes the most, with 11% indicating that they actively consumed the products.
新的数据表明，2021年，每20个成年人中有不到1位电子烟的使用者，并且男性使用者的比例略高。而处于18至24岁的年轻人是电子烟的最大使用群体，11%的人表示他们积极消费电子烟。
For Dr. Joanna Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at Johns Hopkins University, the young demographic of e-cigarette users is worrying. Young people who have never smoked cigarettes – rather than older cigarette users trying to break the habit – make up the bulk of e-cigarette consumers.
美国约翰霍普金斯大学全球烟草控制研究所主任乔安娜•科恩博士认为，电子烟的用户群体低龄化令人担忧。从未吸过烟的年轻人——而非尝试戒烟的年长烟民——成为电子烟的主要消费群体。
According to the new report, adults with higher family incomes used e-cigarettes less, with those making over four times the federal poverty level reporting the lowest e-cigarette use rates.
报告称，家庭收入较高的成年人会更少吸食电子烟，收入超过联邦贫困水平四倍的群体是电子烟使用率最低的群体。
White adults were the most likely to be current e-cigarette users of any racial group, with over double the rates of Black survey respondents.
白人成年人更倾向于吸食电子烟，其比例是黑人受访者的两倍多。
“Tobacco companies are masters of targeted marketing as well as manipulation,” Cohen said. “They want to make products that are attractive and appealing to a variety of demographics and ages. They also heavily promote their products … to particularly what we might call vulnerable populations.”
“烟草公司十分擅长目标营销和市场操纵，”科恩说。“他们想制造有吸引力的产品，吸引各种人口和年龄的人。他们还大力推销自己的产品，特别是我们所说的弱势群体。”
The CDC report arrives days after the American Heart Association released a statement warning of the health risks of e-cigarette use.
美国疾控中心发布了美国心脏协会的一份声明，声明中警告人们吸食电子烟的健康风险。
The statement sounded an alarm about the harmful properties of ingredients used in e-cigarettes, including nicotine – the addictive chemical in the products – and flavoring agents. It notes that those compounds have been shown to carry risks for heart and lung disease in animal studies and that they could pose “dangerous health risks” in humans.
该声明对电子烟中所含成分的有害性发出警告，包括具有成瘾性的尼古丁和调味剂。声明指出，在动物研究中，这些物质已被证实存在引发心脏及肺部疾病的风险，并可能对人类健康构成威胁。
“There is research indicating that nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are associated with acute changes in several hemodynamic measures, including increases in blood pressure and heart rate,” Dr. Jason J. Rose, chair of the American Heart Association’s scientific statement writing committee and an associate professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, said in a news release.
美国心脏协会科学声明撰写委员会主席、马里兰大学医学院医学副教授杰森•J•罗斯博士在新闻发布会上表示：“研究表明，含有尼古丁的电子烟与几种血液动力学指标的急性变化有关，包括血压以及心率的升高。”
The group also warned that e-cigarette products can contain other substances, including THC, the psychoactive chemical in cannabis, methamphetamine, methadone and vitamins.
该组织还警告说，电子烟产品可能含有其他物质，包括大麻中的精神活性化学物质四氢大麻酚、甲基苯丙胺、美沙酮和维生素。
According to the statement, comprehensive research on e-cigarettes is limited, but some studies have linked use to the development of respiratory diseases like asthma and emphysema.
据该声明称，对于电子烟的全面研究依然有限，但一些研究已经表明吸食电子烟可能会引发哮喘、肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺病。
The American Heart Association recommended further research on the long-term consequences of e-cigarettes on the heart, blood vessels and lungs.
美国心脏协会建议进一步研究电子烟对心脏、血管以及肺部的长期影响。
> Business magazine releases China 500 companies list
《财富》中国500强发布
Business magazine Fortune released its latest China 500 companies list on Tuesday, with the total revenue and profits of the 500 companies hitting $15 trillion (107 trillion yuan) and $717.1 billion in 2022.
7月25日，2023年《财富》中国500强排行榜正式发布。今年500家上榜的中国公司在2022年的总营业收入达到15万亿美元，净利润达到7171亿美元。
State Grid received $530 billion in revenue, taking the top spot on the Fortune China 500 list, followed by China National Petroleum and Sinopec Group, with revenue at $483 billion and $471.15 billion.
国家电网的营业收入为5300亿美元，位居《财富》中国500强榜首，其次是中国石油天然气集团公司和中石化集团公司，营业收入分别为4830亿美元和4711.5亿美元。
The metal products industry has 56 companies in the rankings, thereby claiming the largest number of companies on the list.
金属产品行业共有56家公司上榜，是今年上榜公司数量最多的行业。
The top three profitable companies are Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, and Agricultural Bank of China, with profits at $53.59 billion, $48.15 billion and $38.52 billion, respectively.
在盈利方面排名前三的公司是中国工商银行、中国建设银行和中国农业银行，利润分别为535.9亿美元、481.5亿美元和385.2亿美元。
Andon Health, a healthcare electronics manufacturer, has the highest net profit rate of 60.92 percent among the 500 companies.
在上榜企业中，九安医疗以60.9%的净利润率位居净利润率榜榜首。
