14、艾玛·沃特森联合国女权主义(2014 Emma)

英文版：

Emma Watson: Gender equality is your issue too

Date: Saturday, September 20, 2014

Speech by UN Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson at a special event for the HeForShe campaign, United Nations Headquarters, New York, 20 September 2014

[Check against delivery.]

Today we are launching a campaign called “HeForShe.”

I am reaching out to you because I need your help. We want to end gender inequality—and to do that we need everyone to be involved.

This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN: we want to try and galvanize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for gender equality. And we don’t just want to talk about it, but make sure it is tangible.

I was appointed six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop.

For the record, feminism by definition is: “The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes.”

I started questioning gender-based assumptions when at eight I was confused at being called “bossy,” because I wanted to direct the plays we would put on for our parents—but the boys were not.

When at 14 I started being sexualized by certain elements of the press.

When at 15 my girlfriends started dropping out of their sports teams because they didn’t want to appear “muscly.”

When at 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings.

I decided I was a feminist and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word.

Apparently I am among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, anti-men and, unattractive.

Why is the word such an uncomfortable one?

I am from Britain and think it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decision-making of my country. I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect as men. But sadly I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights.

No country in the world can yet say they have achieved gender equality.

These rights I consider to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones. My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not limit me because I was a girl. My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day. These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today. They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists who are changing the world today. And we need more of those.

And if you still hate the word—it is not the word that is important but the idea and the ambition behind it. Because not all women have been afforded the same rights that I have. In fact, statistically, very few have been.

In 1995, Hilary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights. Sadly many of the things she wanted to change are still a reality today.

But what stood out for me the most was that only 30 per cent of her audience were male. How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?

Men—I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue too.

Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society despite my needing his presence as a child as much as my mother’s.

I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness unable to ask for help for fear it would make them look less “macho”—in fact in the UK suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20-49 years of age; eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease. I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success. Men don’t have the benefits of equality either.  

We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes but I can see that that they are and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence.

If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted women won’t feel compelled to be submissive. If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled.

Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should feel free to be strong… It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum not as two opposing sets of ideals.

If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are—we can all be freer and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom. 

I want men to take up this mantle. So their daughters, sisters and mothers can be free from prejudice but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too—reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned and in doing so be a more true and complete version of themselves.

You might be thinking who is this Harry Potter girl? And what is she doing up on stage at the UN. It’s a good question and trust me, I have been asking myself the same thing. I don’t know if I am qualified to be here. All I know is that I care about this problem. And I want to make it better.

And having seen what I’ve seen—and given the chance—I feel it is my duty to say something. English Statesman Edmund Burke said: “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for enough good men and women to do nothing.”

In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt I’ve told myself firmly—if not me, who, if not now, when. If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you I hope those words might be helpful.

Because the reality is that if we do nothing it will take 75 years, or for me to be nearly a hundred before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work. 15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children. And at current rates it won’t be until 2086 before all rural African girls will be able to receive a secondary education.

If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists I spoke of earlier.

And for this I applaud you.

We are struggling for a uniting word but the good news is we have a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I am inviting you to step forward, to be seen to speak up, to be the "he" for "she". And to ask yourself if not me, who? If not now, when?

Thank you.

尊敬的秘书长阁下，大会主席阁下，妇女署执行主任阁下，以及尊敬的来宾们：

        今天我们将启动一项HeForShe的倡议活动。

         此番演讲是为了获得您的支持，能让我们一起行动终结性别不平等。

         实现这个目标需要每个人的参与。

         这次活动开创了联合国发起同类活动的先河。我们希望号召更多的男人和男孩们，加入到寻求改变的倡导者行列。我们并非开了一张空头支票，而是全力以赴，确保目标达成。

         六个月前，我被任命为联合国妇女署的亲善大使，但我越是提及女权主义，就越是意识到争取女性权益往往跟仇视男性混为一谈。我认为停止这种认识是当务之急。我在此声明，就定义而言，女权主义是一种信念，它告诉我们男女应该具有同等的权利和机遇。这也是政治、经济以及社会的性别平等理论。

         很久之前我就开始质疑种种基于性别的案例。当我8岁时，因为我想给家长们编排演出就被斥为“专横”，而男孩不会受到同样的指责；当我14岁时，某些媒体捕风捉影地暗示公众我的形象过于性感；当我15岁时，我的女性朋友们纷纷退出了她们心爱的运动队，因为她们不希望看起来肌肉发达；当我18岁时，我的男性朋友们无法自如的表达他们的情感。那时起我就义无反顾的决定成为一位女权主义者。

         但我近期的调查表明，女权主义已经变成了一个不受欢迎的词汇，女人们不愿意被认为是女权主义者。很明显我被列为那类女性，措辞强硬，过于激进，自我封闭，一味反对男性，甚至缺乏魅力。

         为何这个词已经让人感到如此反感？

          我来自英国，我认为我应该获得与男性同行同等的待遇，我认为我应该拥有自主支配自己身体的权利，我认为女性应该代表我参与到能影响我生活的政策制定中，我认为在这个社会上我也能赢得与男性同样的尊重。

         可遗憾的是，世界上任何一个国家的女性群体都未能完全拥有这些权利，至今无一国家能断言，他们已经实现了性别平等。而这些权利，我认为就是人权。

         但我无疑是幸运的，我一直享受着特殊待遇，因为我的父母并没有因为我身为女儿就减少对我的关爱，我就读的学校也没有因为我是女孩就加以限制，我的导师也没有因为我日后将成为人母而不对我寄予厚望。这些影响我的人们正如推广性别平等的大使一般，是他们成就了今天的我，也许他们并没有察觉，但他们就是那些“无心插柳”的女权主义者们。我们需要更多的这类人。如果你仍然厌恶这个词，那么其实词本身不重要，重要的是词背后传递的理念和愿景，因为并不是所有女性都拥有和我一样的权利。事实上，从数据上看，只有很少一部分女性拥有这样的权利。

         1997年，希拉里克林顿在北京就女性权利发表了一次著名的演讲，遗憾的是很多当时她力求改变的情况至今仍然存在。同时，我也留意到，当时的男性观众少于30%的事实。当世界上只有一半的人口受到邀请并鼓励参与其中，我们又怎能奢望改变这个世界呢？

         男同胞们，我想借此机会向你们发出正式邀请，性别平等也是你们的议题。比如，我发现，尽管在孩童时代父母的关爱对孩子同样重要，但今时今日，作为家长，父亲的角色正被社会所轻视。我看到年轻男性正遭受着心理疾病的折磨而无法向外寻求帮助，因为他们害怕这样看起来不男人，被人瞧不起。

         事实上在英国，自杀已经超越交通事故，癌症和冠心病，成为20到49岁男性的头号杀手。我目睹了男人们因为“成功男士”这样偏狭的标签观念而变得脆弱和缺乏安全感，男人一样没能享受到平等带来的福利。

         我们不常谈到男性，其实他们同样遭受着性别刻板印象的禁锢，但我察觉到：当他们不受束缚时，女性的状况就会自然而改变。如果男人不需要通过表现攻击性来获得认同，那么女人就不用逼迫自己显得顺从；如果男人没必要实时掌控，那么女人也就不需要随时听命于掌控。不管是男是女都可以放任自己的敏感细腻，不管是男是女都可以培养自己的坚强无畏。因此，如今我们应该用更大的视野看待性别，而不是两套对立的规范。

         如果我们能不再通过消解异性的特征来定义自己，而开始正视自己所拥有的一切特质，我们都将变得更自由，这就是HeForShe 的意义所在，它与每个人的自由息息相关。

         我希望男同胞们能传承这样的信念，那么他们的女儿们，姐妹们和母亲们都会免于遭受歧视，同时他们的儿子们也有权利释放自己的脆弱和更人性化的一面。我们珍视他们所抛弃掉的那一部分人性，这样做是为了他们能够保留更为真实和完整的人性。

         你也许会问，这个哈利波特里的女孩是干嘛，她怎么会来联合国发表演说，这真是个好问题。我也曾反复问自己同样的问题，我只知道自己确实关心这个问题，也想尽绵薄之力改变现状，既然亲眼见到了这样的现状也获得这样的机会，我自觉有责任说些什么。

         政治家埃德蒙·伯克曾说过：“邪恶压制正义只需要善良的男男女女们坐视不理，无动于衷。”在我为演讲忐忑不安的时候，在我怀疑自己的时候，我坚定的告诉自己，我不挺身，更待何人，此时无为，更待何时。如果当你面前有这样的机会，而你也有困惑的话，我希望这句话能对你有所帮助。因为，如果我们无所作为，那要等上75年，对我来说甚至是接近100年，才能期待男性和女性实现同工同酬。接下来的十六年里将有1550万女孩，尚未成年就被迫嫁做人妇，而按照现在的进度，要直到2086年才能让所有的非洲女童都接受中等教育。如果你怀有平等的信念，那你就可能是我之前提过的那些“无心插柳”的女权主义者。如果是这样，我会为你鼓掌。

         我们仍在为天下大同而奋战，但好消息是我们现在就有一个大一统的行动，这就是HeForShe 。我真诚邀请你们，挺身而出，扪心自问：我不挺身，更待何人，此时无为，更待何时。

谢谢！