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11月12日双语：科学家发明'眼球创可贴' Gates lauds waterless toilets

2018-11-12 19:11:00 12.6万

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Gates lauds waterless toilets
盖茨在京推介'无水厕所'

US billionaire philanthropist Bill Gates unveiled a futuristic toilet that doesn't need water or sewers and uses chemicals to turn human waste into fertilizer. "The current toilet simply sends the waste away in the water, whereas these toilets don't have the sewer.
微软公司联合创始人、美国亿万富翁兼慈善家比尔•盖茨近日在北京展示了一款未来派厕所，无需使用水，也不用连接下水道，仅使用化学物质就能将人类粪便转化为肥料。盖茨说："目前的厕所只是用水把排泄物冲走。而这种新厕所并不连接下水道。

They take both the liquids and solids and do chemical work on it, including burning it in most cases," the Microsoft Corp co-founder said in Beijing. He compared the change from traditional toilets to waterless models as a similar development to what happened in computing around the time he founded Microsoft in the mid-1970s. "In the way a personal computer is sort of self-contained, we can do this chemical processing at the household level," he said.
它们能对尿液和粪便进行化学处理，多数情况是烧掉它们。"他将传统厕所转变为无水厕所的过程，与他在上世纪70年代中期创立微软时计算机领域的发展相提并论。"就像个人电脑在某种程度上可以独立运转一样，我们现在也可以在家庭层面化学处理粪便。"

'Human Uber' invented
宅人福音'人肉优步'问世

A new "human Uber" could let you pay someone to live your life for you. Japanese researcher Jun Rekimoto has developed a special screen that can be strapped to a person's face and allow them to live on your behalf. The technology is aimed at allowing someone – a "surrogate" – to live your life for you, wearing your clothes and behaving on your instruction.
一种新型"人肉优步"让你可以付钱找人替你生活。近日，日本研究人员暦本纯一研发出一款可以绑定在人脸上的特殊屏幕，戴上屏幕的人可以代替你去生活。该技术的目标是让某人，即替身穿上你的衣服、依照你的指示行事从而替你生活。

You, on the other hand, would be able to lounge at home, watching events through your laptop and using its camera to communicate with people your surrogate meets. Though the mask has been described as "human Uber", it's actually far more involved than that. "A surrogate user mimics a remote user by following the remote user's directions," a page describing the tool, known as ChameleonMask, reads.

另一方面，你则可以懒洋洋地窝在家中，通过笔记本电脑来观看事态发展，通过摄像头和你的替身遇到的人进行交流。尽管这款面具被比作"人肉优步"，但实际上并不是戴上面具就完事了。页面上是这样描述这款名为"变色龙面具"的工具的："替身用户遵照远程用户的指示模而仿之。"

Noises increase heart risks
噪音或增心血管病风险

A preliminary study showed that exposure to environmental noises might increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Noises can fuel the activity of a brain region involved in stress response and in turn promote blood vessel inflammation, according to the study to be presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions.
一项初步研究显示，接触环境噪音可能增加心脏病和中风的风险。这项将在美国心脏病协会科学会议上发布的研究称，噪音能加剧参与应激反应的脑区的活动，从而增加血管炎症反应。

The findings revealed people with the highest levels of chronic noise exposure had an increased risk of suffering cardiovascular events, like heart attacks and strokes. Researchers analyzed the links between noise exposure and major cardiovascular events among 499 healthy people with the average age of 56.
研究结果显示，最能长期接触噪音的人群，发生心脏病、中风等心血管事件的风险会增加。研究人员以499名健康状况良好、平均年龄56岁的人为研究对象，分析接触噪音与主要心血管事件之间的关联。

Of the participants, 40 experienced a cardiovascular event over a 5-year period. People with the highest levels of noise exposure had higher levels of activity in the amygdala (杏仁核), an area of the brain involved in stress regulation and emotional responses, and more inflammation in their arteries.
5年间，这499人中有40人发生心血管事件。根据研究，接触噪音最多的人，杏仁核(参与压力调控和情绪反应的脑区)活动水平更高，动脉炎症反应更多。

These people also had a greater than three-fold risk of suffering a heart attack or a stroke and other major cardiovascular events, compared with people who had lower levels of noise exposure, according to the study. That risk remained elevated even after the researchers accounted for other cardiovascular and environmental risk factors, including air pollution, high cholesterol, smoking and diabetes.
这些人发生心脏病或中风等主要心血管事件的风险也是接触噪音较少的人的三倍多。即使研究人员排除空气污染、高胆固醇、吸烟和糖尿病等其他心血管和环境风险因素后，这些人发生心血管事件的风险依然更高。

Contact lens as bandage
科学家发明'眼球创可贴'

Treating wounds on a part of the body as delicate as the eyeball isn't easy, but scientists have developed an innovative new approach: a therapeutic contact lens that can act as a bandage for damaged eyes.
要处理人体中像眼球这样脆弱部位上的伤口绝非易事，不过科学家已研发出一种创新疗法：治疗用隐形眼镜，对受伤的眼睛来说这种隐形眼镜相当于创可贴。

This is no ordinary contact lens, because it's made up of donor cells left over from regular corneal transplants. These special limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (角膜缘间充质间质细胞) help to encourage the injured eye to repair its wounds itself. According to the researchers, a contact lens bandage could be in place within hours of a patient arriving at hospital with eye damage.
这不是普通的隐形眼镜，因为它由常规角膜移植遗留下来的供体细胞组成。这些特殊的角膜缘间充质间质细胞有助于刺激受创眼部进行自我修复。研究人员称，眼部受伤的患者到医院数小时内，就能用上隐形眼镜创可贴。

It's also likely to be cheaper and easier to apply than current treatments. These lenses only to go through an extensive set of clinical trials before they get approved, and the researchers say it could take several years for them to become available to general public.
这种方法可能比现有疗法更便宜、更易应用。这些创可贴隐形眼镜在获得批准前还需进行大量临床试验，研究人员表示，可能还需要好几年的时间公众才能用上这种"眼球创可贴"。

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