这两个麻醉的区别最主要区别是在穿刺的腔隙。蛛网膜下腔注射时是将麻醉药物注入蛛网膜下腔，药物直接与脑脊液接触，因此麻醉药物的剂量更小一些。为避免穿刺时损伤脊髓，注射部位一般选在第2腰椎以下。Spinal anesthesia的常见并发症是headache头痛。硬膜外麻醉的穿刺部位在硬膜外腔，药物阻滞脊神经根，理论上穿刺部位可以位于颈椎、胸椎，腰椎和骶椎，但为安全起见，硬膜外麻醉通常用于腹部及以下手术。Epidural anesthesia的最严重并发症是Total Spinal Anesthesia（全脊髓麻醉），主要原因是麻醉药物误入蛛网膜下腔。
Differences between spinal anesthesia and Epidural Anesthesia.
蛛网膜下腔麻醉和硬膜外麻醉的区别
Spinal anesthesia is a technique whereby a local anesthetic drug is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. This technique has some similarities to epidural anesthesia, and lay people often confuse the two techniques. Important differences include:蛛网膜下腔麻醉是一种将局部麻醉药注入脑脊液的技术。这种技术与硬膜外麻醉有一些相似之处，但非专业人士经常会混淆这两种技术。这两种麻醉重要的区别包括： To achieve epidural analgesia or anesthesia, a larger dose of the drug is typically necessary than with spinal analgesia or anesthesia.为了实现硬膜外镇痛或麻醉，通常需要比脊髓镇痛或麻醉更大剂量的药物。The onset of analgesia is slower with epidural analgesia or anesthesia than with spinal analgesia or anesthesia, which also confers a more gradual decrease in blood pressure.硬膜外镇痛或麻醉的镇痛起始效果比蛛网膜膜下腔镇痛或麻醉更缓慢，这通常使血压下降速度更为缓慢。An epidural injection may be performed anywhere along the vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral), while spinal injections are more often performed below the second lumbar vertebral body to avoid piercing and consequently damaging the spinal cord.硬膜外注射范围可以包括沿着脊柱（颈椎，胸椎，腰椎或骶骨）的任何部位，而蛛网膜下腔注射通常位于第二腰椎椎体下，其目的是以避免刺穿并损伤脊髓。It is easier to achieve segmental analgesia or anesthesia using the epidural route than using the spinal route.相对于蛛网膜下腔注射途径，硬膜外注射更容易实现节段性镇痛或麻醉。An indwelling catheter is more commonly placed in the setting of epidural analgesia or anesthesia than with spinal analgesia or anesthesia.与蛛网膜下腔镇痛或麻醉相比，留置导尿管更常用于硬膜外镇痛或麻醉。Epidural medication administration can be continued post-operatively (and re-dosed intraoperatively) via a catheter, while spinal anesthesia is generally a single shot injection.硬膜外给药可以通过导管术后（并在术中重新给药）持续给药，而蛛网膜麻醉通常是单次注射给药。
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