【50】弹性吃素有益健康

关注VX公众号【HF小站】，回复 《6分钟》 获取全部音频及文本。

Could you be flexitarian?

你会成为弹性素食者吗？

Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.

大家好。这里是六分钟英语，我是尼尔。

And I'm Catherine.

我是凯瑟琳。

Catherine, are you flexitarian?

凯瑟琳，你是弹性素食者吗？

No, I'm not really religious, Neil.

不，我真的不信仰宗教，尼尔。

It's not a religion! It's a diet. It means mainly eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat.

那不是一种宗教信仰。它是一种饮食方式。它指的是主要吃植物性食物，只偶尔吃肉。

Oh, I see. Sorry. Er, well, I don't eat too much meat, so I'm kind of on the way to flexitarianism.

噢，明白了。抱歉。额，好吧，我吃肉不太多，所以我有点像是弹性素食主义。

Some people don't eat meat for ethical reasons. That means that for them it's wrong to eat meat, it's wrong that animals should be killed for our food.But one of the reasons for being flexitarian and only eating meat once in a while is for the benefit of the planet.According to a recent report, being flexitarian is healthier for the individual but can also help to fight climate change.Before we look in more detail at this topic, a question: Do you like peppers, Catherine?

一些人出于道德原因不吃肉。那意味着对他们来说吃肉是错的，杀死动物当做我们食物是错的。但是保持弹性素食，只偶尔吃肉的一个原因是那对地球有益。根据最近一份报告，保持弹性素食不仅对个体来说更健康，它同样能够帮助应对气候变化。但是在我们查找更多关于这个主题的内容之前有一个问题:你喜欢辣椒吗？

Yes, I do.Is that correct?

喜欢，我喜欢。回答正确吗？

Well, that's not the quiz question! But this is.All peppers are in the same food group.What group is it? Are peppers fruit? vegetables? herbs?Any ideas?

好吧，那不是测试问题 ！这个才是。所有辣椒处于同一食物类别。它是什么食物类别？辣椒是水果？ 蔬菜？草本？有什么想法吗？

This one sounds like a trick question, but I think it's obviously vegetables. Yep?

这个问题听起来像是一个刁钻的问题，但是我觉得很显然是蔬菜。对吗？

Well, you'll have to wait a bit to find out.I'll have the answer later in the programme.Now, Dr Marco Springmann is from the University of Oxford and was one of the lead authors of a major report that looked at the global food system and how it affects the climate.On the BBC Today programme he talked about what changes would be needed.Does he mention just one thing?

好的，你得等一会才能找到答案。稍后我将在节目中揭晓答案。马克罗·斯普林曼来自牛津大学，并且是一份重要报告的主要作者之一，该报道研究全球粮食体系以及其如何对气候造成影响。在《今日BBC》节目中，他谈到需要做出什么改变。他只提到了一件事吗？

We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits,and those include changes towards healthier, more plant-based diets, ambitious technological improvements and changes in farming management, and a reduction of food loss and waste.

我们发现真的需要在环境限度内采取一系列措施，而那些就包含有朝着更健康，更植物性饮食方向的改变，技术显著改进，以及改变耕作管理方式以及减少食物损失和浪费。

So did he mention just one thing, Catherine?

所以他只提到了一件事吗，凯瑟琳？

No, not at all.He said that there would need to be a combination of measures which means 'a variety of different actions',including moving to a plant-based diet, developing technology, changing the way we farm and wasting less food.

不，根本不是。他说需要有一系列的措施，那指的是“一系列不同的行动”，包括转为植物性饮食方式，发展技术，改变我们耕作的方式以及减少食物浪费。

He described the need for ambitious technological improvements.Ambitious here means the developments will have to be 'impressive, above the ordinary and not simple'.Dr Springmann was asked if we had to completely remove meat from the food that we eat to be healthy.What was his recommendation?

他描述称需要技术显著改进。“Ambitious”在这里指的是发展将必须是“令人印象深刻的，超乎寻常，并且不是简简单单的”。斯普林曼博士被问到为了保持健康，我们是否必须完全将肉类从我们所吃食物中剔除。他的建议是什么？

Well, we looked ... we surveyed the literature on what a healthy diet is and according to that, if you treat it as a luxury, it's probably OK.But you shouldn't have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week.So the more plant-based you go, the healthier and the lower an environmental impact it probably will be.

好吧，我们查找……调查关于什么是健康饮食的文献资料，而且根据文献资料，如果你把它当做奢饰品对待，它或许还可以。但是每周食用红肉不应该超过一次，红肉包括牛肉和猪肉。所以你植物性食物吃得越多，你就会越健康，对环境可能会造成的影响越低。

And lamb is just the same?

羊肉也是一样的吗？

Yes.

是的。

So do we need to cut out meat entirely?

所以我们需要完全不吃肉吗？

He says that while a plant-based diet is certainly healthier, you could still have some red meat but only once a week.

他说尽管植物性饮食方式确实更健康，你仍能够吃一些红肉，但是一周仅一次。

Yes, he said think of it as a luxury.A luxury food is one that we really enjoy but don't eat very often.Perhaps because it's very expensive or rare.

是的，他说把它当成一件奢饰品。奢侈的食物是我们真的很享受，但是并不经常吃的东西。或许因为它很贵或者很罕见。

Or delicious but very bad for us.We eat it as a treat but not every day.Springmann says we should think of red meat in the same way.It shouldn't be a regular part of our diet.

或者是很美味但对我们非常有害。我们把它当做一顿美餐吃，但是并不是每天都吃。斯普林曼说我们应该以同样的方式看待红肉。它不应该是我们饮食中的常见部分。

How did he come to this opinion?Did they just make it up themselves because it sounds like a good idea?

他是怎么得出这个观点的？他们因为这听起来像是一个好主意就自己编造出来的吗？

Not at all, Neil.He said that they surveyed the literature.This means that as part of their report they studied different scientific research that had previously been published.Their advice is based on the evidence of those research papers.

根本不是，尼尔。他说他们调查了文献资料。这指的是作为报告的一部分，他们研究了之前发表过的不同的科研成果。他们的建议是基于这些科研论文所提供的证据。

OK. Now the answer to our quiz question. I asked to what food group do peppers belong. Was it: a) fruit b) vegetables c) herbs?Catherine, you said?

好的。现在揭晓我们测试问题的答案。我问辣椒属于哪个食物种类？是a) 水果 b) 蔬菜 c) 草本？凯瑟琳，你说是？

I said b) vegetables.

我说是b) 蔬菜。

Oh dear, good try but not right, thanks for playing. The answer is a) fruit.

噢，亲爱的，很好的尝试但是不对，感谢参与。答案是a) 水果。

Fruit? Really?

水果？真的吗？

Yes. A fruit is the part of plant that contains the seeds.So peppers, like tomatoes, pumpkins, avocados and olives are actually fruit.Well done if you got that one right.Now, our vocabulary.Our first word is flexitarian.This is the term for a diet that is mainly plant-based but can include meat occasionally.

是的。水果是含有种子的那部分植物。所以辣椒，还有像是西红柿，南瓜，牛油果，橄榄事实上都是水果。如果你答对了那你很棒啊。现在是我们的词汇了。我们第一个单词是“弹性素食”。这是一个术语，用来形容主要吃植物性食物，偶尔包含一些肉类的饮食方式。

Our next word is ethical.This is in the context of choosing not to eat meat.Some people are vegetarian because they don't like meat, some because they want a healthier diet and some for ethical reasons.This means that their choice is because they feel it is the right thing to do.

我们下一个单词是“合乎道德的”。这是在选择不吃肉的背景下。一些人是素食者，因为他们不喜欢肉，一些人是因为他们想要更健康的饮食方式，一些人是出于道德原因。这意味着他们的选择是因为他们感觉那是要做的正确的事情。

The next phrase was a combination of measures.This means 'taking different actions to achieve something', not just doing one thing.

下一个短语是“一系列措施”。这指的是“采取不同的行动来实现某事”，不仅仅是一件事。

We then had ambitious.If a person is ambitious, it means that they 'want to get on in life and be successful',but ambitious can also be used to describe a plan or achievement which is 'impressive and above the ordinary'.

然后我们还学了“ambitious”。如果一个人是有雄心壮志的，那是说他们想要飞黄腾达和成功，但是它同样能用来形容“令人印象深刻，超乎寻常的”一个计划或者成就。

The next phrase was to survey the literature.This means to 'study and analyse the different scientific research on a particular subject'.

下一个短语是“调查文献资料”。这指的是“研究分析特定科目的不同科研成果”。

And finally we had luxury.When talking about food, a luxury is something that we only eat occasionally as a special treat because it's expensive or unhealthy but delicious.

最后我们学了“奢侈”。当我们谈到食物时，奢侈的东西就是我们仅仅偶尔当做一顿特殊大餐来吃的东西，因为它昂贵或者不健康，但是却很美味。

Well, I'm off for a plate of delicious vegetables.Goodbye.�

好吧，我要去吃一盘子美味的蔬菜了。再见。

Bye!

拜！