这些“健康常识”靠谱吗？Are these health tips true?

Feed a cold, starve a fever
感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿
When the sniffle season comes, many pile up their plates to help them beat the infection.
感冒季来临时，为了抵抗感染，很多人开始大吃。
Dr Sarah Brewer, GP and medical director of Healthspan, told MailOnline: "This old wives' tale is based on the belief eating will generate warmth when you have a cold."
全科医生、健康寿命公司医疗总监萨拉·布鲁尔告诉每日邮报网站说：“这个‘无稽之谈’是因为人们认为感冒时吃东西会使身体产生热量。”
"Avoiding food may help you cool the body when you have a fever."
“而在发烧时，不吃东西能帮你降温。”
However, Dr Brewer was quick to point out there is no "firm evidence" to support either theory.
但布鲁尔医生指出，这两种说法都没有“确凿证据”。
"Listen to your body," she said. "If you feel hungry, have something nutritious to fuel the body as your immune system fights an infection."
她说：“要听从你的身体。如果你觉得饿，就吃些有营养的东西来为身体补充能量，因为免疫系统正在对抗感染。”
Dr Kathryn Basford, a GP at Zava, also argued it is more important to stay hydrated when battling a cold than to overindulge in food.
扎马公司的全科医生凯瑟琳·贝斯福德则认为，在对抗感冒时，多喝水比多吃东西更重要。
She told MailOnline: "Water, juice, and hot liquids, like soups, along with food, will help fight cold infections by keeping the body well-hydrated and nourished."
她说：“除食物以外，水、果汁和汤等热饮能让身体保持充足的水分和营养，有助于对抗感冒。”
When it comes to the advice to "starve a fever", Dr Basford stresses this is "not a good idea".
谈到“发烧宜饿”的建议时，贝斯福德医生强调说，这“不是个好主意”。
"It's not uncommon to lose your appetite when you've got a fever, but starving yourself is not a good idea, as it can deprive your body of the necessary energy needed to fight a virus," she said.
她说：“发烧时没有食欲很常见，但让自己挨饿就不对了，因为这会让身体失去抗击病毒所需的必要能量。”
An apple a day keeps the doctor away
一天一苹果，医生远离我
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away" is a rhyme many of us can recall from our childhoods — and it may hold some truth.
很多人从小就会说“一天一苹果，医生远离我”这句押韵的俗语，这种说法有一定道理。
Apples are rich in antioxidants called flavonoids, which have been shown to lower the risk of a premature death, particularly from heart disease.
苹果富含抗氧化剂类黄酮。人们已经证实，类黄酮可以降低早逝风险，尤其是心脏病导致的早逝。
The popular fruit has also been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and even some cancers.
苹果还与2型糖尿病甚至某些癌症的患病风险降低有关。
To reap the benefits, it may be best to enjoy apples whole, rather than opting for juice.
为获得这些益处，最好吃下整个苹果，而不是只喝果汁。
"Apple peel also has blood-pressure lowering actions similar to those of ACE inhibitor drugs," Dr Brewer said.
布鲁尔医生说：“苹果皮还能降血压，类似于血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂药物。”
Dr Basford stresses it is important to eat a varied diet and not rely on just one fruit or vegetable to keep you healthy.
贝斯福德医生强调说，饮食多样化很重要，不要仅仅依靠一种水果或蔬菜来保持健康。
Carrots help you see in the dark
胡萝卜有助夜间视力
"This old wives' tale does have some basis in fact," Dr Brewer said.
布鲁尔医生说：“这个说法确实有一定的根据。”
"Carrots are a source of the pigment beta-carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A in the body when needed."
“胡萝卜是β-胡萝卜素的来源。β-胡萝卜素在需要的时候可以在体内转化为维生素A。”
"Vitamin A is needed to make an eye pigment called visual purple, which is extremely sensitive to light and allows vision in low-light conditions."
“视紫红质眼色素的生成需要维生素A，这种眼色素对光线极为敏感，使人们能在暗光中看到东西。”
"Lack of vitamin A can lead to night blindness. So, if you are deficient in dietary vitamin A, eating carrots might help."
“缺乏维生素A可能导致夜盲症。因此，如果你的饮食中缺乏维生素A，吃胡萝卜或许有帮助。”
Dr Basford agrees, but warns carrot eaters not to expect perfect nighttime vision.
贝斯福德医生同意这种观点，但她提醒吃胡萝卜的人不要期待拥有完美的夜间视力。
"The idea that eating carrots can help you see in complete darkness is unfortunately a myth," she said.
她说：“很遗憾，吃胡萝卜能帮助你在完全黑暗的环境中看清楚这种想法毫无依据。”
"Making sure you have a balanced diet, including vitamin-A rich foods, like carrots, can help you to maintain normal healthy vision."
“保证饮食均衡，吃胡萝卜等富含维生素A的食物，有助于保持正常的健康视力。”
Chicken soup cures colds
鸡汤治感冒
A steaming bowl of warming soup may be "just what the doctor ordered" when suffering from a cold. But the extent of its benefits may differ depending on the recipe.
感冒时，一碗热气腾腾的汤可能正合人的心意。但它的好处有多大因食谱而异。
"Garlic is anti-inflammatory, which can help the immune system fight germs," Dr Basford said.
贝斯福德医生说：“大蒜能消炎，可以帮助免疫系统对抗病菌。”
Dr Brewer agrees chicken soup is "comforting" when you feel under the weather but questions whether it really gets rid of a cold quicker.
布鲁尔医生也认为，当你身感不适时，鸡汤“令人舒服”，但她怀疑鸡汤是否真的能让感冒好得更快。
"There is nothing magical about chicken soup, but it is nutritious and comforting, providing energy, fluids and warmth," she said.
她说：“鸡汤没什么神奇的，但它有营养、让人舒适，还能提供能量，给人补水，让人暖和。”
"Drinking any hot liquid will help soothe a sore throat, and the warm vapours will help clear a blocked nose."
她说：“喝任何热饮都有助于缓解咽喉疼痛，热蒸汽还能缓解鼻塞。”