The Yellow Emperor (Huang Di , occasionally written "August Ancestor") is the mythological ancestor of the Chinese people and one of the Five Emperors .
Chinese historians of the early 20th century believed that there was a certain Chinese tribe living in the region of River Ji (around Qingdi , Shaanxi) that venerated the Huang Di as their common ancestor (di is a deified ancestor). This is the so-called Qijia Culture . The people from this culture are believe to have regularly intermarried with the people of the Jiang River valley (around modern Qishan and Wugong , Shaanxi, called the Hua people ) that venerated the Yan Di , the "Red Emperor", as their common ancestor. Descendants of the Huang Di people migrated to the southern part of modern Shanxi province, where they founded the Xia Culture , from which the Xia dynasty (17th-15th cent. BCE) originated.
Another people or tribe that derived their origin from the Huang Di people were the Zhou (11th cent.-221 BCE) that founded the dynasty with the same name, which can be seen in the surname of the rulers, which is Ji .
So-called apocryphal texts from the Han period (206 BCE-220 CE) show that it is quite probable that the Yellow Emperor was originally a deity controlling lightning and thunder and was represented in the shape of the constellation of the Big Dipper. As a such, he also represented the centre of Heaven and the world and controlled all other directions and the deities attributed to them. The latter were seen as an element of disturbance that the Yellow Emperor had to calm down.
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