2013年英语专业四级考试真题

00:03.27]Test for English Majors
[00:05.46]2013
[00:07.33]Grade Four
[00:08.78]PART ⅠDICTATION
[00:11.64]Listen to the following passage.
[00:13.93]Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.
[00:16.91]During the first reading,
[00:18.17]which will be done at normal speed,
[00:20.47]listen and try to understand the meaning.
[00:23.14]For the second and third readings,
[00:25.10]the passage will be read sentence by sentence,
[00:27.77]or phrase by phrase,
[00:29.43]with intervals of 15 seconds.
[00:32.18]The last reading will be done at normal speed again
[00:35.36]and during this time you should check your work.
[00:38.14]You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.
[00:42.17]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[00:45.65]Now listen to the passage
[00:48.65]What Are Dreams for?
[00:50.53]One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires.
[00:55.34]Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems
[00:58.67]that we can’t solve in real life.
[01:01.38]We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution.
[01:05.46]If you believe that your dreams are important,
[01:08.28]then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem
[01:11.82]and help you to find the solution.
[01:14.82]The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of
[01:17.44]cleaning up the computer’s hard disk.
[01:20.23]Dreams organize the events of the day into folders
[01:23.57]and delete what is not needed.
[01:26.83]The second and third readings.
[01:28.71]You should begin writing now.


[01:50.73][01:31.16]One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires.
[02:29.32][02:10.19]Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems
[03:05.85][02:48.13]that we can’t solve in real life.
[03:42.73][03:23.73]We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution.
[04:19.47][04:01.78]If you believe that your dreams are important,
[04:56.42][04:37.46]then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem
[05:33.65][05:15.69]and help you to find the solution.
[06:10.63][05:51.56]The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of 
[06:48.14][06:29.71]cleaning up the computer’s hard disk.
[07:25.27][07:06.44]Dreams organize the events of the day into folders
[08:02.11][07:44.26]and delete what is not needed.


[08:19.58]The last reading.
[08:21.23]One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires.
[08:25.31]Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems
[08:28.70]that we can’t solve in real life.
[08:31.74]We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution.
[08:35.71]If you believe that your dreams are important,
[08:38.34]then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem
[08:41.74]and help you to find the solution.
[08:44.49]The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of
[08:47.66]cleaning up the computer’s hard disk.
[08:50.25]Dreams organize the events of the day into folders
[08:53.80]and delete what is not needed.
[08:56.64]Now, you have One minute to complete your work.
[09:59.86]That is the end of Part I Dictation.
[10:03.72]PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
[10:06.46]SECTION A TALK
[10:09.67]In this section you will hear a talk.
[10:11.68]You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.
[10:14.67]While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE
[10:17.74]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.
[10:21.73]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)
[10:25.67]both grammatically and semantically acceptable.
[10:28.86]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
[10:31.37]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
[11:05.67]Now listen to the talk. When it is over,
[11:09.31]you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
[11:13.27]Teaching Methods for Effective Communication
[11:16.94]Good evening, everyone.
[11:18.53]A few months later,
[11:19.88]you will start to teach international students.
[11:22.85]Today, we will talk about the teaching methods
[11:25.49]of effective communication.
[11:27.60]Teaching methods can help increase communication effectiveness.
[11:31.47]Clearly organizing ideas and writing an outline
[11:34.70]on the chalkboard that lists the main points
[11:37.39]to be covered during the class help students
[11:40.32]follow along with the organization of ideas.
[11:43.51]It is also very helpful for students
[11:46.39]when teachers write technical terms
[11:48.52]or theoretical concepts on the board as they are mentioned.
[11:52.93]Students need and appreciate this effort.
[11:55.86]Student participation in the international teacher’s
[11:59.50]classroom is necessary.
[12:01.35]By setting aside class time for students to explain
[12:04.95]and discuss their understanding of the course material
[12:07.88]and the teacher’s lecture or explanations,
[12:11.00]many communication errors can be corrected
[12:13.97]before they interfere with student learning.
[12:16.75]Of course,
[12:17.95]some difficulties may be assumed to result
[12:20.29]from language problems when in fact the problem lies elsewhere.
[12:25.07]When students don’t understand,
[12:27.52]it could be a language problem,
[12:29.73]but it also could be that the teacher doesn’t have good teaching skills.
[12:34.14]So it’s important to communicate with students
[12:36.61]to find out what the problem is.
[12:39.27]Using effective teaching methods
[12:41.50]does facilitate classroom communication.
[12:45.24]As teachers with teaching experience
[12:47.45]in their native countries already know,
[12:49.77]when lecturing,
[12:50.94]it is important to clearly state each point before speaking about it,
[12:55.66]make the point and then summarize what has been said.
[12:59.20]Before beginning another idea or point,
[13:02.16]it’s necessary to inform students of this change or transition.
[13:06.67]Students are reluctant to continually ask teachers
[13:10.04]to repeat what they’ve said,
[13:12.08]even when they haven’t completely understood the teacher.
[13:15.32]Thus, it is important for teachers to frequently stop
[13:18.91]to ask if students have any questions.
[13:21.54]Another method often used by both international
[13:24.64]and American teachers is presenting the same idea in more than one way.
[13:30.54]Many effective teachers learn to elicit the help of their students.
[13:34.78]If the teacher and students have a friendly relationship,
[13:38.35]students usually are more willing to
[13:40.65]help facilitate communication in the classroom.
[13:44.04]In the following statement a teacher
[13:46.41]from Iran described how he uses certain teaching methods
[13:50.19]to be sure his students understand him."
[13:53.72]I’ve been trying hard to say the words separate
[13:57.05]so that students can understand.
[14:00.27]Once in a while I stop and ask
[14:02.80]‘Do you follow?' and pretty much make them feel
[14:05.86]that any time they can stop me."
[14:08.52]Getting students to participate in the class
[14:11.39]by being friendly and supportive of their comments,
[14:14.13]ideas, and questions can help both the teacher
[14:17.80]and the students feel more comfortable in the classroom.
[14:21.37]When students feel comfortable enough to participate in class,
[14:25.22]they may be more tolerant of the teacher’s language difficulties
[14:29.31]and be willing to cooperate with the teacher
[14:32.10]in solving communication problems.
[14:34.94]Today, we’ve talked about ways for you,
[14:38.06]future international teachers,
[14:40.07]to enhance communication in the classroom.
[14:43.43]I hope you would have a good time.
[14:46.81]Now, you have TWO minutes to complete your work.
[16:49.70]THIS IS THE END OF SECTION A TALK.
[16:54.37]SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
[16:57.81]In this section you will hear two conversations.
[17:00.54]At the end of each conversation,
[17:02.53]five questions will be asked about what was said.
[17:05.52]Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.
[17:10.20]After each question there will be a ten-second pause.
[17:13.85]During the pause,
[17:15.19]you should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D),
[17:20.24]and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
[17:24.75]You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.
[17:58.29]Now, listen to the conversations.
[18:01.74]Conversation One
[18:03.68]W: Can money really buy happiness?
[18:05.89]Best-selling author David Bach is a psychiatrist
[18:09.23]and a money advisor on CNBC's The Millionaire Inside.
[18:13.66]Going from rags to riches,
[18:15.61]he says he found happiness but it wasn't just about dollars and cents.
[18:20.12]Morning, David.
[18:21.24]M: Good morning, Maggie.
[18:22.73]W: What do you think makes people happy then,
[18:24.80]if they have no money?
[18:26.07]M: Well, I think what most Americans really want is freedom.
[18:29.97]We are in the land of the free,
[18:32.09]but when three out of four people are living paycheck to paycheck,
[18:35.72]they don't feel free.
[18:37.67]W: You also say that happiness is not as simple as making more money.
[18:41.91]M: Yes. The more money you have,
[18:44.55]the more you need to spend anyway.
[18:46.75]People don't know how to keep their money.
[18:49.54]And people don't know how to spend it wisely.
[18:52.29]W: We spend so much time in our lives trying to make money.
[18:55.86]We must believe it's going to bring us happiness.
[18:58.51]But the research you have ever done about it is kind of mixed,
[19:02.07]isn't it?
[19:03.06]M: Well, the research is mixed.
[19:05.29]And I think part of the reason
[19:06.79]for that is that people acknowledge in their souls,
[19:09.86]if not in their wallets,
[19:11.40]that it won't make them happy.
[19:13.55]W: But the problem is we see all these people out there today,
[19:17.46]with the yachts, with the boats, all of these,
[19:20.83]the planes, the big houses.
[19:22.57]They look happy, they have all these possessions.
[19:25.66]How do you explain that?
[19:27.27]M: It looks that way.
[19:28.65]But the research also indicates about scale.
[19:31.97]You can give somebody enough money to take them from poverty to middle class,
[19:36.42]which makes people happy.
[19:38.28]But a lot more money,
[19:39.82]to go from five hundred thousand to five million,
[19:42.57]doesn't make them happy.
[19:44.54]W: I agree.
[19:45.84]Money is going to have the more significant impact
[19:48.61]on those low-income individuals.
[19:50.82]M: I have never had anybody who comes in
[19:53.34]and says that he or she needs a little more money.
[19:56.89]W: I've listened to the surveys of the kinds of jobs
[19:59.83]that make people the happiest;
[20:01.72]they aren't necessarily the jobs that pay the most money.
[20:04.85]They are things like teachers,
[20:06.62]social workers,
[20:07.74]firefighters, not necessarily highly-paid jobs.
[20:11.59]M: Absolutely true.
[20:13.33]It's really about feeling loved.
[20:15.77]W: Good, passion is another thing that makes people happy.
[20:18.94]Health and passion.
[20:20.53]M: Yes.
[20:21.55]Health is at the top of the list in terms of what makes you happy.
[20:25.44]Having good relationships with people,
[20:27.64]having a lot of very close personal friends,
[20:30.26]having a good marriage.
[20:32.33]These are the types of things that make people happy.
[20:35.72]So if you flip that around,
[20:37.55]then you'll get to the core of what really makes people happy.
[20:41.24]Sometimes you have to take the negative
[20:43.46]to see that you are content now.
[20:45.74]So if people were to imagine: I'm not going with it these moments,
[20:50.42]then they would realize that they are pretty content
[20:53.63]even though their car is a year-older than they'd like.
[20:57.48]W: Yes, no question.
[20:59.71]Well again, the age-old question.
[21:01.65]We continue to debate it still. David, thanks.
[21:04.70]M: Thank you, Maggie!
[21:06.58]This is the end of Conversation One.
[21:09.31]Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
[21:13.79]1. Which of the following is INCORRECT about David Bach?
[21:29.86]2. What percentage of people in the US
[21:33.22]are living under the pressure of money?
[21:46.22]3. Which of the following statements about money is INCORRECT?
[22:02.02]4. Which of the following jobs probably
[22:05.51]brings the least happiness to people?
[22:18.65]5. What is NOT mentioned in the interview
[22:22.17]as to bringing happiness to people?
[22:36.92]Conversation Two
[22:38.86]W: We brought in a person to help us understand what regrets are all about.
[22:42.83]Reverend Sherri Hausser is an associate pastor in Pennsylvania.
[22:46.60]Nice to have you here.
[22:48.06]M: Thank you.
[22:49.59]W: We talked about this that everybody on the staff
[22:51.89]said we should do a segment about regrets. Why?
[22:55.45]M: Regrets are amongst the most human things we have:
[22:59.76]this amazing invitation and opportunity to grow.
[23:03.61]W: But immediately you say regrets are positive,
[23:06.43]and most people don't think that way.
[23:08.65]Most people think that regrets are negative.
[23:11.18]M: Yeah, that's true.
[23:13.06]I think that the important thing about regret is not to repress it.
[23:17.48]I think it starts to bother us,
[23:19.34]and it inhibits us from acting if we don't acknowledge it.
[23:23.49]W: So you say, "OK, I've got a regret. All right.
[23:27.14]Here is what I did in a personal relationship.
[23:29.95]Here is what I said to a person and I wished I hadn't said it."
[23:33.52]Now, get off your butt, and change it.
[23:36.35]So, if you made someone upset,
[23:38.40]you go and apologize.
[23:39.87]Is it as simple as that?
[23:41.74]M: Well, sometimes it is as simple as that.
[23:44.96]I mean, it depends again on what the regret is about.
[23:48.35]You can't do anything about the past.
[23:51.18]But the regret is really about right now.
[23:54.09]What do I want different about this relationship that I'm in?
[23:58.28]And sometimes that means I don't want to
[24:00.52]be in this relationship anymore,
[24:02.67]and I have to act that way,
[24:05.07]and that's a very serious thing,
[24:07.32]but it is not about the past.
[24:09.53]A regret is a yearning about the future,
[24:12.06]and a yearning to be more.
[24:14.73]W: What's the difference between regret and guilt?
[24:17.72]M: I would say that guilt is something that
[24:20.33]we used to beat ourselves up with.
[24:23.42]It's something that actually stalls us and keeps us from acting.
[24:28.00]Regret on the other hand,
[24:29.87]is really an opportunity toward action.
[24:33.08]If we articulate it,
[24:34.80]then we're compelled to do something different about it.
[24:37.99]And it really is an opportunity.
[24:41.07]W: What do you say to those who are out there living with regrets for years?
[24:45.19]M: I would say: you have to have a shift in perspective.
[24:49.22]The second you feel that regret,
[24:51.40]you may think "Oh my God,
[24:53.81]an amazing opportunity right now, to grow,
[24:56.91]to develop, to discover something new about myself."
[25:00.72]To be specific,
[25:02.18]I would say that the first thing you do is to identify it.
[25:06.24]The second thing is that if it is something that is past,
[25:10.14]that you can't reclaim in a certain way,
[25:12.92]you have to grieve it.
[25:14.97]The third thing is by grieving，you free yourself up to say:
[25:19.29]what can I do now?
[25:21.20]If it's that I didn't have a child,
[25:23.52]maybe I can adopt one.
[25:25.66]If I can't adopt, maybe I can engage the children in my life,
[25:30.33]my niece's, my nephew's,
[25:32.07]other people's children. Volunteer with children.
[25:35.65]It's a way to really manifest part of ourselves
[25:39.52]that's been repressed and that we've wanted to inform.
[25:43.41]W: I'm going to make that one the last word.
[25:46.39]I regret we're out of time,
[25:48.03]so thanks very much.
[25:49.62]M: Glad to be here.
[25:51.31]This is the end of Conversation Two.
[25:54.74]Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
[25:59.45]6. Why is talking about “regrets” necessary?
[26:14.55]7. What is Sherri's opinion concerning
[26:17.98]changing the situations brought about by things we regret?
[26:32.94]8. Which of the following statements about guilt
[26:36.64]and regret is INCORRECT?
[26:49.55]9. Which of the following is NOT Sherri's suggestion
[26:54.29]for people living with regrets for years?
[27:07.58]10. What does the interview mainly focus on?
[27:22.77]THIS IS THE END OF PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION.