2019年英语专业四级考试真题

PART Ⅰ DICTATION
[00:11.15]Listen to the following passage. 
[00:13.54]Altogether the passage 
[00:15.27]will be read to you four times. 
[00:18.00]During the first reading, 
[00:19.82]which will be done at normal speed, 
[00:22.58]listen and try to understand the meaning. 
[00:25.85]For the second and third readings, 
[00:28.17]the passage, except the first sentence, 
[00:31.41]will be read sentence by sentence, 
[00:34.36]or phrase by phrase, 
[00:36.67]with intervals of fifteen seconds. 
[00:40.32]The last reading will be done at normal speed again 
[00:43.86]and during this time you should check your work. 
[00:47.04]You will then be given ONE minute 
[00:50.16]to check through your work once more.
[00:53.35]Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. 
[00:56.38]The first sentence of the passage 
[00:58.68]is already provided.
[01:02.34]Now, listen to the passage.
[01:07.22]SLANG
[01:09.26]We often use slang expressions when we talk 
[01:13.41]because they are so vivid and colorful.
[01:17.64]However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / 
[01:23.06]because of a number of drawbacks. / 
[01:27.20]They go out of date quickly / 
[01:30.03]and become tiresome if used too much. / 
[01:34.95]And they may communicate clearly to some readers 
[01:39.48]but not to others. / 
[01:42.62]In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.
[01:49.80]The second and third readings.
[01:53.16]You should begin writing now.
[01:56.58]However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / 
[02:17.19]However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / 
[02:37.67]because of a number of drawbacks. / 
[02:56.56]because of a number of drawbacks. / 
[03:15.75]They go out of date quickly / 
[03:33.95]They go out of date quickly / 
[03:51.89]and become tiresome if used too much. / 
[04:11.70]and become tiresome if used too much. / 
[04:31.57]And they may communicate clearly to some readers 
[04:36.05]but not to others. / 
[04:54.05]And they may communicate clearly to some readers 
[04:58.17]but not to others. / 
[05:16.76]In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.
[05:39.13]In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.
[06:01.41]The last reading.
[06:05.24]SLANG
[06:07.32]We often use slang expressions when we talk 
[06:11.39]because they are so vivid and colorful.
[06:15.63]However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / 
[06:21.11]because of a number of drawbacks. / 
[06:25.22]They go out of date quickly / 
[06:27.66]and become tiresome if used too much. / 
[06:33.12]And they may communicate clearly to some readers 
[06:37.47]but not to others. / 
[06:40.62]In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.
[06:47.66]Now you have one minutes to check through your work.
[07:51.74]This is the end of PART I DICTATION.
[07:56.60]PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
[08:00.48]SECTION A TALK
[08:04.13]In this section you will hear a talk. 
[08:07.50]You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. 
[08:11.12]While listening, 
[08:12.29]you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE 
[08:14.88]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS 
[08:16.72]for each gap. 
[08:18.31]Make sure what you fill in 
[08:19.60]is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. 
[08:23.16]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
[08:26.93]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
[09:01.54]Now, listen to the talk. 
[09:03.97]When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes 
[09:06.98]to check your work.
[09:11.27]Revision of Essay Drafts
[09:14.35]Good morning, everyone. 
[09:16.35]In today's lecture, 
[09:17.70]I'm going to talk about 
[09:19.13]how to revise essay drafts 
[09:21.85]and give you some tips as well.
[09:25.26]The initial revision should, of course, 
[09:28.05]focus on the essay as a whole. 
[09:30.75]You'd ask yourself—
[09:33.32]Do I reach my writing objective? 
[09:36.18]Does my essay directly answer the question? 
[09:40.15]Is my main idea clear?
[09:43.29]In order to answer these questions, 
[09:45.62]what you need to do first is to revise for content. 
[09:50.21]The typical rough draft may have too little 
[09:53.06]and too much content, all at the same time. 
[09:58.20]It will have touched the surface of 
[09:59.97]some portions of the essay, 
[10:02.42]without providing adequate explanation 
[10:04.99]or convincing detail.
[10:08.07]At the same time, 
[10:09.29]it may have discussed things 
[10:10.67]that do not contribute significantly 
[10:12.78]to your major points.
[10:15.57]So, what is a good essay then? 
[10:19.29]A good essay eliminates irrelevant material 
[10:22.92]while including all the information 
[10:25.15]necessary to your main point.
[10:28.36]Your reader needs sufficient evidence 
[10:31.47]to accept what you are saying, 
[10:34.04]so you have to make sure 
[10:35.71]you have adequately developed 
[10:37.59]and supported your main idea. 
[10:41.07]Content that is unrelated to the main idea 
[10:43.90]should be eliminated.
[10:47.19]Then, what is the second step in revision? 
[10:51.65]That is revise for organization. 
[10:55.92]A well-organized essay 
[10:57.81]will group similar ideas together 
[11:00.43]and put them in the proper order. 
[11:03.75]If you find it easy to produce an outline 
[11:06.30]from your draft, 
[11:08.05]this means that there is a clear logic 
[11:10.51]to the flow of the content, 
[11:12.86]and you can be reasonably certain 
[11:15.38]that you have a well-ordered essay. 
[11:18.43]Otherwise, reorder your content.
[11:23.50]The third step you are advised to take 
[11:25.71]is to revise for length. 
[11:28.82]Is your essay approximately the right length? 
[11:32.15]If it is substantially longer than the stated limit, 
[11:36.53]you have to consider reducing the supporting material.
[11:40.35]But even if there is no stated limit, 
[11:43.79]or you are allowed to write as long as you like, 
[11:47.11]please adhere to a self-imposed limit and, 
[11:51.27]unless addressing a topic 
[11:52.99]that needs lengthy explanation, stick to it.
[11:58.17]The steps I have mentioned so far 
[12:00.28]actually refer to revision of an essay as a whole.
[12:04.73]The next step is to revise for 
[12:06.72]components of the essay, including the paragraphs, 
[12:11.05]sentences and individual words. 
[12:14.95]You may ask, how am I going to revise paragraphs? 
[12:19.19]Well, I'd say a paragraph is not arbitrarily formed. 
[12:23.84]It should revolve around an idea, a theme. 
[12:27.96]Let me tell you one way to revise paragraphs. 
[12:32.56]Isolate a paragraph at a time 
[12:34.88]and make sure it runs smoothly and is not merely 
[12:37.95]a bunch of unrelated statements put together.
[12:41.96]As for revision of sentences and words, 
[12:45.89]most essay writers pile on 
[12:48.00]one long sentence after another.
[12:52.28]Well, I suggest you avoid this 
[12:54.92]by breaking up some of the longer sentences 
[12:57.94]to provide variety.
[13:01.67]Use short sentences to make important points, 
[13:05.34]and long sentences to explain complex ideas. 
[13:10.26]Also try to use a variety of sentence structures 
[13:13.89]to maintain reader interest. 
[13:16.90]Eliminate sentences that sound awkward 
[13:19.71]when read aloud.
[13:21.40]For diction, a very important tip 
[13:24.30]is to eliminate imprecise or wordy language. 
[13:28.73]For example, use “although” 
[13:31.14]instead of “despite the fact that”. 
[13:35.52]Try to add vigor to your writing 
[13:37.67]by removing clichés 
[13:39.59]and use fresh and interesting descriptions.
[13:44.08]Try to write as much as possible 
[13:46.09]with nouns and verbs, 
[13:48.00]rather than primarily with adjectives 
[13:50.86]that slow the pace and reduce impact. 
[13:54.96]Similarly, write in the active, 
[13:57.66]not the passive voice.
[14:01.09]Now, let me just repeat what I have said today. 
[14:04.73]Revision is important. 
[14:07.20]When you revise your draft as a whole, 
[14:10.10]pay attention to content, 
[14:12.18]organization and length. 
[14:14.48]But, don't forget to revise your essay in detail. 
[14:19.55]Revision of sentences and words 
[14:21.85]can also make the essay more interesting to readers.
[14:27.25]Now you have two minuets to check your work.
[16:31.04]This is the end of SECTION A TALK.
[16:36.17]SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
[16:39.85]In this section you will hear two conversations. 
[16:43.45]At the end of each conversation, 
[16:45.91]five questions will be asked about what was said. 
[16:49.84]Both the conversations and the questions 
[16:52.75]will be spoken ONCE ONLY. 
[16:55.88]After each question there will be a ten-second pause. 
[17:00.38]During the pause, 
[17:02.15]you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, 
[17:07.81]and mark the best answer to each question 
[17:10.91]on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
[17:13.91]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.
[17:47.86]Now, listen to the conversations.
[17:52.23]Conversation One
[17:54.92]Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
[18:00.68]M: Hello and welcome to today's program. 
[18:03.87]I'm James.
[18:04.84]W: And I'm Susan.
[18:06.27]M: Today we are going to talk about family names. 
[18:10.01]Susan, I've often wondered 
[18:12.46]why you've got a double-barrelled surname. 
[18:15.65]I mean, you are American, 
[18:17.56]and I thought it was only us Brits 
[18:19.31]who went for things like that.
[18:21.92]Susan Writer Wells, 
[18:24.00]it sounds almost invented, doesn't it?
[18:26.75]W: Well, you're actually not far off the mark.
[18:29.91]You know my mom was a feminist, don't you?
[18:32.48]M: Really? I never knew that. Well, go on then.
[18:36.58]W: Yeah. Well, her maiden name was Morse.
[18:39.17]And at that time, 
[18:40.16]I'm talking about the late 1960s, 
[18:42.93]women like my mom were really 
[18:44.42]trying to liberate themselves from male bondage, 
[18:47.50]as they called it. 
[18:49.01]So, some of them began rejecting their father's surname 
[18:51.90]and decided to invent their own surname instead.
[18:54.96]And because my mom was a journalist, 
[18:57.44]she decided to call herself Cindy Writer.
[19:00.15]M: Cindy Writer. Well, who would have guessed!
[19:04.02]W: Actually, other feminists name themselves 
[19:06.28]after the town where they were born, 
[19:08.06]like the sculptor Judy Boston. 
[19:10.64]Some even called themselves 
[19:12.17]after a day of the week. 
[19:14.10]M: Oh, yes. 
[19:15.35]Wasn't there someone called Victoria Friday? 
[19:18.21]Or maybe she's got nothing to do with it. 
[19:21.06]But your mom wasn't so much of a feminist
[19:23.72]that she didn't get married, was she?
[19:26.13]W: No. But the problem then 
[19:27.83]was what to call herself or rather her children. 
[19:32.09]Anyway, a lot of people of her generation 
[19:34.41]simply decided to add their husbands' name 
[19:36.60]to their own. 
[19:38.15]My dad's called Paul Wells, 
[19:40.07]so I'm Susan Writer Wells.
[19:42.91]M: So what would happen if you, 
[19:44.57]Susan Writer Wells, 
[19:46.47]meet some guy who's called Peter Painter Jones, 
[19:50.78]do you then become Susan Writer Wells Painter Jones, 
[19:55.19]bit of a mouthful, isn't it?
[19:57.13]W: No comment. 
[19:58.45]I think the most sensible thing to do 
[20:00.42]is to do what they do in countries like Italy.
[20:03.92]M: What do you mean?
[20:05.25]W: Well, over there 
[20:06.41]the woman keeps her maiden name 
[20:08.05]pretty much for all purposes, 
[20:09.98]like bank accounts, identity cards, 
[20:12.44]and the man obviously keeps his name.
[20:14.96]M: What about the children then?
[20:16.69]W: Well, they keep their father's name.
[20:19.22]M: So, we are back to the old problem, aren't we? 
[20:22.38]The men win out again?
[20:24.83]W: Yeah, but one solution could be 
[20:26.74]for the sons to keep their fathers' name 
[20:28.53]and the daughter their mothers'.
[20:30.40]M: Well, that might be a good idea.
[20:32.49]W: OK. That's the end of today's program. 
[20:35.16]Don't forget to join us again soon.
[20:39.64]Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
[20:45.15]1. What is the woman’s family name?
[20:59.48]2. Why did her mother reject her maiden name?
[21:14.97]3. How did her mother invent a new surname?
[21:30.77]4. What does the man think of the practice in Italy?
[21:46.10]5. What is the program mainly about?
[22:00.88]This is the end of Conversation One.
[22:04.86]Conversation Two
[22:07.25]Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
[22:13.09]M: Welcome to our weekly program. 
[22:15.46]Well, if you want to get a raise at work, 
[22:18.30]but you just don't know how to ask,
[22:20.92]our next guest has some helpful tips 
[22:23.81]on how to raise your pay 
[22:25.41]by helping you negotiate with the boss. 
[22:29.12]Here's Janet Smith, senior director from 
[22:32.30]DOS Executive Search Firm in San Diego. 
[22:36.88]Hi, Janet. How do we get a raise?
[22:40.56]W: Well, we found in our report 
[22:42.44]that there are really four things that you could do.
[22:46.32]The first step was making sure 
[22:48.64]your boss knew what you are up to. 
[22:51.76]He can't see everything. 
[22:53.52]And you have to make sure he knows 
[22:55.76]you're here contributing to the bottom line.
[22:59.16]M: Well, that could be bragging, though.
[23:02.13]So, you have to shamelessly promote yourself then.
[23:05.32]W: Maybe not shame-free, 
[23:07.40]you don't want to be rude. 
[23:09.22]But every now and again, 
[23:10.70]if you did something that's really noteworthy, 
[23:13.43]let them know, or to get praised from somebody else.
[23:17.45]M: So, should you just put together 
[23:19.24]a list of things you've done 
[23:21.30]and hand it to your boss?
[23:23.29]W: It doesn't work, 
[23:24.26]because the boss generally has the data 
[23:26.44]to check up on you.
[23:28.12]So, the second point is don't overstate, 
[23:31.32]because if you lie, 
[23:33.29]you are really going to lose a lot of credibility 
[23:35.97]on the things that you actually did do well.
[23:39.32]M: Right. Definitely.
[23:41.58]W: OK. So, what you want to do 
[23:43.58]is to point out some of the things that you've done, 
[23:46.35]but be honest about it, 
[23:48.14]and only take credit where credit is due.
[23:51.15]M: That's correct.
[23:52.98]W: And third, you may think ahead.
[23:56.90]M: What do you mean by that?
[23:58.98]W: A lot of people forget the things 
[24:00.66]that they've done that are good, 
[24:02.68]so one of the things that we found was that 
[24:05.21]it was really helpful 
[24:06.59]if you kept a diary of the things 
[24:08.34]that you've done that work extraordinary. 
[24:11.14]And then come with review time, you're prepared, 
[24:15.16]and you really should be preparing about, 
[24:17.12]you know, three months in advance 
[24:19.30]to win your performance tributes.
[24:21.54]M: That's a good idea. 
[24:23.59]All right, then what's the last point?
[24:26.28]W: The last point is to go online. 
[24:29.25]You can research competitive wages for your, ur, 
[24:32.46]particular job at either salary.com, 
[24:35.70]salaryexpert.com or bls.gov. 
[24:40.24]So that's some of my advice. 
[24:41.96]And hopefully people will check it out.
[24:44.32]M: Yeah, I think I want to go see my boss.
[24:47.44]W: Yes, you can, but get prepared.
[24:49.80]M: OK. Janet, thank you for joining us. 
[24:54.17]We appreciate it.
[24:55.80]W: Thank you very much.
[24:58.22]Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
[25:05.30]6. Who is Janet Smith?
[25:19.44]7. What is the first tip from Janet?
[25:34.77]8. Why is it a bad idea to overstate what you have done?
[25:51.73]9. Why should we think ahead according to Janet?
[26:07.71]10. Where can we check competitive wages?
[26:23.19]This is the end of Conversation Two.