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中文对照参考文本：
Then, let’s have a look at
现在我们来
let’s have a talk about task 2
看看task 2
So in task 2 some of the things are the same
同样需要注意以上提到的问题
In task 2, again, you would like to write more than the minimum number words
你同样将会需要写
275, 280, or more
超过275-280词
There is no maximum
同样没有上限
Task 2, you’ve got 40 minutes to do
你有40分钟去完成task 2
You do it after task 1
是紧接着task 1的
And I
在这里
strongly recommend that you spend 10 minutes planning your content before you write
强烈的建议各位考生首先利用10分钟的时间去构思你整个文章的框架内容
Clearly, lots of students don’t do that
显然很多学生从来没有做到这个
because their content is a jumble
因为他们的内容基本上都是一团混乱
You’ve got to you two things to get a good mark in task 2
这里有两个task 2得高分的方法
In some way three things I suppose
实际上应该是3点
One is you’ve got to have ideas, which are relevant to the topic
第一点是有紧扣写作主题的观点
And, you’ve got to be able to develop those ideas and organize them in your essay
然后你需要去组织语句去拓展和解释你的观点
So we’ve got the ideas and the organization of the ideas
所以这样的话我们就有主要观点和组织解释观点这两项任务
Maybe you call it one or maybe you call it two separate items
虽然它们都是分开的
But it’s structuring the content, the thoughts, if you like
但是却有关联建构着整个文章内容
And the second part is expressing those clearly and accurately with your language
第二点是用语言清晰准确的表达你的内容
But the content has to confirm
内容是最重要的
doesn’t matter if your English is really good
这和你的英语是不是很好无关
if your ideas are confused or even more so
如果你的文章内容很混乱
if you don’t clearly answer the questions which students
或者你根本就没有清楚地回答写作的题目
a lot of students don’t
事实上很多学生都有这个问题
then you will
这样的话
at least
至少
you will do a lot less well than you should do
你没有做到你可以做到的最好程度
And usually you will not do very well at all
甚至你会做的一塌糊涂
So, these are things that you can really sharpen up
这是一些你可以做到的事情
on to give yourself the opportunity
至少可以抓住机会
to get your best possible mark
拿到自己应得的最高分
Now let’s give you a couple of more specific pieces of advice here
现在我会给你们一些更明确的建议
Usually for task 2
对于task 2
I would suggest 4 paragraphs
我通常会建议写四段
So in your first paragraph you are going to have the introduction
第一段写introduction
and then two main paragraphs
两个主体段落
and finally your conclusion
还有最后你的总结
Now if the question asks you for your opinion
如果题目是问你的观点
for example
举个例子
they might say
可能会说
‘to what extent you agree or disagree with this view’
一定程度上你赞同或不赞同这个观点
or it might say ‘discuss both sides and give our opinion’.
或者讨论双方观点以及你自己的想法
If the question asks you for your opinion,
如果题目是问你你的观点是什么
your opinion must be clear throughout the essay
你的观点就必须贯穿整篇作文
This is important
这一点非常重要
There is a scenario where many students go wrong
而且很多学生会做错
that their opinion is not clear
他们的观点不够清晰
they appear to be one-minute writing about one side
比如说你支持的观点写一部分
another minute writing about the other side
不支持的写一部分
And it is not clear which one
那你到底支持
they are consistently agreeing with or disagreeing with
哪一方的观点就很不清楚了
And that’s why I strongly recommend
这就是为什么我一直强调
that when you are writing an opinion essay
当你遇到问你观点的
or discuss an opinion easy
不同类型的题目时
any essay which asks for your opinion
只要是问到需要你提出观点的
you make your opinion strong and clear
你一定要始终强调并坚持你的观点
You put in the introduction
这个观点要在
you make it clear in your main paragraphs
四个部分中都清晰的表达出来
and it’s clear in the conclusion as well
结论也一样
If you do that
如果你做到了
you are going to do much better than a lot of students do on task achievement
这样你就会比大多数学生在完成度上做得好了
And it’s something which students find it difficult to do for some reason
很多学生觉得这一点很难做到
I’m not quite sure why
我也不太清楚原因
But pick a side
但是无论如何一定要坚持一种观点
It doesn’t matter whether you really have a strong opinion or not
这并不意味着你一定要有很强烈的论据
This is just an essay for an exam
只是你一定要选一边
Pick a side, stick to it
然后坚持你的观点
And in the ‘discuss-and-opinion’ questions
对于那些讨论双方观点并给出自己观点的题目
when it says
当它说“discuss both these views, and say which one you agree with, say your opinion”
Then I would suggest in paragraph 2
我建议第二段
you discuss the side you don’t agree with
可以讨论一下你不支持的观点
leading up to paragraph 3
然后过渡到第三段
the side that you do agree with
你支持的观点的那段
And you should balance those two paragraphs
你应该平衡这两段
in terms of size that examiners look for a balance to approach
用差不多的篇幅
not 80 percent on the one side, 20 percent on the other
不是二八开的篇幅
50-50 in terms of words
考官会希望看到五五开的篇幅
But when you are discussing the other side
但是在第二段
you must make it clear
你一定要说清楚
you don’t agree with them
我不支持这个观点
‘Some people think this I don’t agree with them’.
一些人支持这个观点但我不支持
If you do this
如果你做到了
the reader knows clearly what you’re thinking all the way through
读者可以很好的知道你的观点
Much easier to get good mark
你就比较容易得高分
And that’s why planning is important
这就是为什么一开始全篇计划很重要
Because lots of students, there is to say
很多学生
they start quite well
开头不错
and become confused in the middle
但是写到中间就迷茫了
Or they start well written
或者一开始写的很好
I can understand them
思路清晰易懂
then become difficult to understand in the middle
中间部分就混乱了
Or they start, I know what you’re thinking in the beginning
或者一开始写了一方面
but half way through
结果中间部分
you appear to be thinking something else
就去写别的了
None of this is to do with language
这和语言没关系
this is a thinking issue
这是思想的问题
a planning issue
计划的问题
because you want to write your best level of essay all the way through
因为你想要通过各种方法写出最好的文章
And you could do that
你完全可以做到
if you give yourself time to plan before you start writing
如果你在写作前去计划准备
And another point here is
另一个点则是
that student often say
很多同学问
‘can I use personal examples?’ stuff like that
可以用引用例子来写作嘛
Actually you should use examples
实际上你需要去举例
and they will often be personal
而且这些例子还最好是个人的
because you don’t have a lot of detailed knowledge about topics in task 2
因为你对于写作话题很难有一些细节上的了解
The question says, it says, use examples
当写作题目要求你用具体的例子的时候
of course relevant examples
当然是要相关的例子
relevant means you must connect your examples clearly to the points you are making
相关性指的是必须跟的观点有强烈的关联
Use relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience
用你自己的经验和身边相关的例子
so it’s telling you to use examples
所以这是在直接要求你去用例子
because one of the things that the examiners look for when they’re marking
因为考官在评判论文时的重要一点
when they’re reading it, is that your points need to be developed
就是看论点是否有被拓展
You have a point
有了观点
you expand it
再解释它
you justify that point
证明它
So I call this paragraph topic expanding examples
文章段落就是这样构建的
But it doesn’t matter what the words are
单词不重要
The point is you take an argument then you logically support it
关键的是你需要有逻辑的去解释证明你的观点
You don’t put ‘here is a point’
不能这儿写一个观点
‘here is another point’, ‘here is another point’
那儿写另外一个观点
And very often if you do that
这样做的话
you don’t really have different points
你其实就没有完整的观点了
Anyway
不管怎么说
there isn’t any one or two points to make about this topic
一个主题不能只写一两个观点
You need to expand this point by putting more examples to support it
观点需要具体的例子
more information to support it
信息去解释证明它
This is what people do when they write a book
这也是人们写书的方式
The books might just have one idea
书都有一个观点
But people can write a chapter with lots of different examples and with different examples
一个章节都用很多例子来组织起来
in each chapter in detail
每个章节都有很多细节
We’re not writing a book
虽然我们不写书
we are writing a short essay
只是写一个简短的文章
But the principle is
但需要遵循的规则是
your main point will only be a sentence probably
观点往往是一句话
or a couple of sentences if you’ve got two main points
两个观点则是两句话
But you need to develop this argument
然后你需要去拓展它们
What students tend to do often, is repeating
很多学生就只是简单的重复自己的观点
they say the same thing again
重复说一样的内容
but in slightly different words
尽管说明的方法不同
It’s not really developing
这并不是真正的拓展
It’s just repeating, really
只是简单地重复
or expressing the same idea more than once.
或者不止一次的阐述自己的观点
You don’t want to do that
你不应该这样做
you want to build on your idea
你应该构筑你的观点
And the way to do that is to use detail
而方法则是运用细节
which usually means use examples to develop your point
实际上就是用例子
So all of these things are easy, I think, to do
这些事情和关键点都是很容易做到的
And if you do them
如果你都做到了
it will help you to get a much better mark
这能帮助你超越你自己
than you might get otherwise
获得意料不到的高分
And remember that
同时请记住
the mark you get is not fixed
你的分数并不是完全机械化的
It is not like the reading or oral mass test
并不是阅读或者数学考试那样是有正确答案的
It is open to the examiner to think ‘this is good’
考官们的打分都是具有开放性的
‘I am going to be on the size of being generous here’.
如果他认为这个还不错，那么会往高了打一点
And why would they do that
而如何让他们觉得不错呢
Partly you make it easy
就是让你的文章变得简单清晰
and plenty of words are very clearly laid down
用词句和连接词
partly your organization language is very clear
将文章内容清晰地组织起来
‘firstly this’, ‘secondly this’,
删
‘in conclusion I believe this’, ‘I strongly think this’.
删
Your opinion is clear all the way through
你的观点将很清晰流畅
You’ve done all the basis well
做好了最基础的
to make the examiner feel they can easily assess your essay
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