【18】不甜的糖

The bitter taste of sugar

不“甜”的糖

你一天会摄入多少糖分呢？Rob和Neil将会就最近由世界卫生组织对人们提出的建议——人们要比之前所建议的量值基础上进一步减少摄入糖分的数量。他们认为糖摄入量应该从我们吸收的总卡路里量的10%降到5%。

专家能提出怎样的建议来帮助人们减少糖摄入量呢？跟随本期的讨论，以及学习一些与食物相关的词汇吧。

本周问题：

以下哪一个国家的糖分消耗量是最高的呢？

a）中国

b）印度

c）美国

听力内容：

The bitter taste of sugar

NB: This is not a word-for-word transcript

Rob: Hello I’m Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m joined today by Neil.

Neil: Hello. Neil here. Excuse me I’m enjoying a bar of chocolate…

Rob: Where did you get that from?

Neil: In the vending machine upstairs – that’s the automatic machine with drinks and sweets – you put coins in it to release whatever you paid for.

Rob: Now, if it was up to some health professionals, you wouldn’t see many of those machines around anymore.

Neil: What? No more machines which offer you as many sweets as you like, no questions asked?

Rob: Exactly. The World Health Organisation has recently proposed a cut in its recommendation for how much sugar we should have. They now say that it should be less than 5% of our calorie intake.

Neil: A calorie is a unit that measures how much energy you get from food, and calorie intake is how many calories we eat in a period of time – say a day, for example.

Rob: Yes. So this might be it for sugar for you today, Neil.

Neil: Well, let me see… this bar of chocolate contains 215 calories! That’s quite a lot, isn’t it?

Rob: But life can be sweet even with less sugar, Neil. So today, we’re going to talk about what should be done to help us eat less sugar and you’ll learn words about food.

Neil: But I like my sugar!

Rob: Many people do. So let me ask you about how much they like it. Which country has the highest sugar consumption? Is it:

a)China

b)India

c)The United States

Neil: I think it’s the United States.

Rob: OK. Well, we’ll have the answer at the end of the programme! Right, so let's talk about sugar. Health experts are looking for ways to make us eat less of it.

Neil: We all know that too much sugar can cause not only obesity and diabetes but also tooth decay – this destroys the hard surface of your teeth and exposes more sensitive parts. Ouch!

Rob: Yes, it can be very painful. You might enjoy eating sweets but nobody likes toothache – that’s what we call the pain in your teeth.

Neil: Experts say we should always brush our teeth after eating sugary food.

Rob: Yes. Aubrey Sheiham, Professor of Dental Public Health at University College London, goes even further. He is part of a team which is suggesting the authorities in England reduce the number of vending machines in public places. Listen to what he says. Which word does he use to describe Neil’s chocolate bar and other kinds of wrapped sweets?

Aubrey Sheiham, Professor of Dental Public Health at University College London

We shouldn’t have vending machines with confectionery and soft drinks in any publicly-funded institutions – no schools, nurseries, hospitals etc. – and also limit the amount of sugar in school meals, nurseries’ meals. That again would be a first step that one would take.

Neil: He mentions ‘confectionery’, meaning chocolate and sweet snacks, which can be bought from vending machines, along with soft drinks – which are cold sweet drinks that are not alcoholic.

Rob: The professor doesn’t want these machines in state schools or hospitals. And he also wants meals served to children in schools to have less sugar.

Neil: He’s got a point there. We get used to sugar in childhood. And it seems that the more sugar we eat, the more we want. But if we get used to eating things which are less sweet, after a while when we eat something very sweet, it doesn’t taste so good. Do you understand what I mean?

Rob: Yes, I do. It’s a matter of habit. We don’t need so much sugar to enjoy the sweet taste. But the professor says there’s another way of encouraging us to eat less sugar. Aubrey Sheiham talks about tax on sugar. France has already adopted a sugar tax. Where’s the money being spent? Let’s listen.

Aubrey Sheiham, Professor of Dental Public Health at University College London

You’ve got a lot of public support in France where the consumption of sugar has gone down considerably. And, what is good about what the French have done is that tax that has gone on sugar is being spent in the health service. This is a way that you could actually use that money from the sugar tax and spend it on improving health care and dental care.

Rob: He says it’s being spent on the health service. This is the doctors’ surgeries and hospitals financed with public money – money paid to a government in the form of taxes.

Neil: Oh, so chocolate might become more expensive! Not so good for me because I have a sweet tooth…

Rob: Ah a sweet tooth, yeah, like me – a strong preference for sweet food. Well, people with a sweet tooth should be careful or they might end up with toothache.

Neil: I care a lot about my teeth.

Rob: Good on you. You’ve got a fine set of gnashes there. OK, let’s go back to our quiz. I asked you which country has the highest sugar consumption. The options were: China, India and the United States.

Neil: And I said the United States.

Rob: And Neil, you are wrong. The correct answer is actually India. According to a report issued by the US Department of Agriculture in 2012, India was the country with the highest consumption of sugar. Then we had China and the country in this list which ate the least amount of sugar is the United States. These countries are also amongst the largest producers of sugar. OK. Well, now our time is up. Let's remember some of the words we explained today.

Neil: Yes. They were:

vending machine

calorie intake

calorie

tooth decay

toothache

confectionery

soft drinks

health service

to have a sweet tooth

Rob: Thanks, Neil. That is it for today. Why not go to bbclearningenglish.com to hear more 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

Neil: Bye!