In1965,17 year old hight school student Randy Gardner stay awake for 264 hours.
1965年，一名17岁的高中生兰迪加纳德持续264持续小时没有睡觉。
That’s 11 days,to see how he’d cope withoutsleep.
也就是整整11天，看看他身上会发生什么变化。。
On the second day,his eyes stoppedfocusing.
在持续不睡觉的第二天，他的眼睛已经没办法聚焦了。
Next,he lost the ability to identifyobjects by touch.
随后，他无法通过触摸鉴别事物。
By day three,Gardner was moody anduncoordinated.
到了第三天，加纳德变得喜怒无常，肢体不协调。
At the end of the experiment,he wasstruggling to concentrate.had trouble with short term memory.became paranoidand started hallucinating.
实验快结束时，他很难集中注意力,短期记忆力变差，十分易怒还出现了幻觉。
Although Gardner recovered withoutlong tern psychological or physical damage.for others,losing shut-eye canresult in hormone imbalance,illness,and extreme cases,death.
虽然试验并未对加纳德造成任何心理或生理上的长期损伤。但对有些人来说，不睡觉会导致激素分泌（荷尔蒙）失衡，疾病甚至有可能死亡。
We’re only beginning to understand whywe sleep to begin with,but we do know it’s essestial.
一开始，我们只意识到人类需要睡眠，却不知道其根本原因。
A dults need 7 to 8 hours sleep atnight，and adolescents needabout 10.
成年人每晚需要7至8小时的睡眠，青少年则需要10小时。
We grow sleepy due the signals fromour body telling our brain we are tired.and signals from the environmenttelling us it’s dark outside.
我们觉得困倦是因为身体向大脑发出了疲倦的信号，也因为外界环境给予了我们天黑的信号。
The rise in sleep inducing chemicals,likeadenosine and melatonin,send us into a light dose that dose that grows deceper,makingour breathing and heart rate slow down and macules relax.
人体则加量分泌能增进睡意的化学物质，如腺苷和褪黑激素，让我们的呼吸和心跳频率降低并使肌肉放松。
This non REM sleep is when DNA is repairedand our bodies replenish themselves for the day ahead.
这种非快速眼动睡眠发生的DNA修复以及身体自我补给时。
In the United States,it’s estimatedthat 30% of adults and 66% of adolescents are regularly sleep-deprived.
调查发现，美国30%的成年人,与66%的青少年睡眠不足。
This isn’t just a minor inconvenience.
可别小看了睡眠不足的后果。
Staying awake can cause serious bodilyharn.
一直不睡觉会严重损害身体健康。
When we lose sleep,learning,memory,mood,andreaction time are affected.
当我们长时间不睡觉时，学习能力，记忆力，情绪以及反应能力将受到影响。
Sleeplessness may also causeinflammation,hallucination,high blood pressure,and it‘s even been linked to diabetes andobesity.
缺乏睡眠也可能导致炎症，幻觉，高血压,甚至糖尿病和肥胖都与睡眠不足有关。
In 2014,a devoted soccer fan diedafter staying awake for 48hrs to watch the World Cup.
2014年就有一位足球粉丝在持续48小时观看世界杯后死亡。
While his untimely death was due to astroke.
虽说他的死亡归根结底是因为中凤。
Studies show that chronically sleepingfewer than 6 hours a bight,increases stroke risk by 4.5 times compared to thosegetting consistent 7 to 8 hours of shut-sye.
研究表明夜晚睡眠长期少于6小时的人，同长期保持7-8小时睡眠的人相比，中凤的风险会增加4.5倍。
For a handful of people on the planetwho carry a rare inherited genetic mutation,sleeplessness is a daily reality.
对那些携带罕见变异遗传基因的人来说，失眠是常事。
This condition known as Fatal FamilialInsomnia,places the body in a night mirror state of wakefulness,forbidding itfrom entering the sanctuary of sleep.
这种被称作致命性家族性失眠的现象，能让身体在夜里处于清醒状态，阻止其入眠。
Whthin months or years,thisprogressively worsening condition leads to dementia and death.
短短几个月或者数年后，这种逐渐恶化的症状会导致精神错乱甚至死亡。
How can sleep deprivation cause suchimmense suffering?
睡眠不足为何如此痛苦呢？
Scientists think the answer lies withthe accumulation of waste products in the brain.
科学家们认为其原由为大脑中废物的积累。
During our waking hours,our cells arebusy using up our day’s energy sources which get broken down into vatiousby-products,including adenosine.
当我们清醒时，细胞正忙于消耗我们一天中产生的能量,而这些能量的产生会分解出各种副产品，例如腺苷。
As adenosine builds up,it increasesthe urge to sleep，also known as sleeppressure.
腺苷的不断产生会带来困意,也被称作睡眠压力。
In fact,caffeine works by blockingadenosine receptor pathways.
事实上，咖啡因就是通过阻碍腺苷的接收途径来发挥作用的。
Other waste products also build up inthe brain,and if they’re not cleared away,they collectivelyoverload the brain.and are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms ofsleep deprivation.
其他的垃圾产物（代谢物）也会在大脑中堆积，如果它们不被清理掉，大脑将超负荷运转,同时可能引起许多睡眠不足的不良症状。
Sowhat’s happening in our brain when we sleep,to prevent this?
所以当我们睡觉时，大脑是如何防止这种情况发生的呢？
Scientistsfound something called the Glymphatic System,a clean-up mechanism that removesthis build up，and is much more active when we’re sleep.
科学家们发现了脑部的类淋巴系统，它是一种可以清楚那些垃圾产物的清洁机制,并且在我们睡眠时比较活跃。
It works by using cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic by-productsthat accumulate between cells.
这种机制利用脑脊髓液将细胞间积累的有毒副产品冲刷掉。
Lymphatic vessels,which serve as pathways for immune cells have recentlybeen diacovered in the brain，and they may alsoplay a role in clearing out the brains daily waste products.
最近，研究员发现在大脑中作为免疫细胞通道的淋巴血管，这些血管可能也起到了清理大脑日常垃圾的作用。
While scientists continue exploring the restorative mechanisms behindsleep，we can be sure that sleeping intoslumber is a necessity if we wanna maintain our health and our sanity.
尽管科学家们还在继续探索人睡着后的修复机制，我们可以肯定的是，如果我们想要保持健康的身心，良好的睡眠是必不可少的。
用户评论