张老邪叨哔叨：
一方面是学费增加，另一方面普遍扩招，看上去越来越产业化的教育含金量越发堪忧。无论是高考，考研，还是留学的，都祝大家尽量提早上岸吧~
FILE: Barclay College graduates Taylor Mabry and Ryan Kucharek walk across campus to commencement ceremonies. Haviland, Kansas. May 2019
Transcript
When it comes to higher education in the United States, one of the biggest issues of discussion and concern in recent years has been cost.
Data from the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics suggests the average cost of college doubled between 1989 and 2016. The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis reports that average yearly earnings only rose about 8 percent in that time.
James Kvaal is the director of The Institute for College Access and Success. He told VOA that one of the main reasons for the cost increase is reduced government support for colleges and universities. This, in turn, has led schools to raise their prices.
Earlier this year, the Center for the Study of Education Policy at Illinois State University published a report on state spending on higher education. The report found a five percent overall increase in proposed spending throughout the country. That is the highest increase in eight years of growth.
But Kvaal argues this is still nowhere near the level it was 30 years ago -- or where it needs to be now. He notes that a lot of students still depend on loans to help pay for their education. To date, about 10 percent of student borrowers are in default. In other words, they are failing to make the necessary payments towards their debt.
“As a result, it makes going to college riskier than it should be,” Kvaal said. “We know that can be the best investment you make over the course of your life...But because of the cost of college, too often students aren’t able to complete [college] and they are left with debt they can’t afford to repay.”
Harvard Commencement
Other groups and experts suggest the situation is not as severe as it may seem.
The College Board is a not-for-profit organization that works to expand higher education in the United States. Last year, it published a look at changes in the average costs to attend American colleges and universities over the past 10 years. It reported that up until 2013, yearly average cost increases of five percent were common. But that is no longer the case.
“The point is that in recent years, tuition increases have slowed down considerably as the economy recovered [from the 2008 recession],” noted Jerome White. He is the director of media relations for the College Board.
Last November, Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce published a study on return on investment in American higher education. It compared how much money students spent on their education at 4,500 different institutions to how much money they earned later in life.
Students who attended private colleges and universities made an average of about $73,000 more over 40 years than those who attended public schools. That was the case even after the cost of their education was subtracted from their career-long earnings.
Although while the immediate costs to attend a private U.S. university might be higher, the increased cost might be worth it, notes Martin Van Der Werf. He is associate director of the Georgetown center.
He says one reason these schools have better return on investment is their reputation. Many employers see well-known, highly selective institutions as offering the highest quality education available. This may not necessarily be true all the time, but it can make graduates of such schools seem more desirable.
FILE- In this May 17, 2018, file photo, new graduates line up before the start of the Bergen Community College commencement at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.
In addition professional connections between former students and recent graduates are often especially strong at private schools. This means graduates of such schools who enter the labor market may have more support during their job search.
The selectiveness that makes these schools so well known and well respected, however, creates its own form of inequality, Van Der Werf says.
“These colleges pay off well if you can afford to go there and if you can get in. But the fact … is, the vast majority of people can’t do either: they can’t get in and they can’t afford to pay for it,” he said.
Some of the most costly private colleges in the U.S. do offer financial aid or reduced tuition based on a student’s level of need. But Van Der Werf argues these schools still mainly serve wealthy white students more than they do any other group of people.
To improve equality, Kvaal and Van Der Werf say state officials should aim to keep increasing financial support for public colleges and universities. And they say people in charge of those schools should make greater efforts to help their graduates find good jobs and careers.
I’m Dorothy Gundy.
And I’m Pete Musto.
QUIZ 【答案见下面词汇表后】
What does the story report as one reason for higher college tuition?
A. Successful graduates with higher incomes
B. Lower government support for the schools
C. Increased cost of campus buildings
D. Higher incomes for university instructors
What is a major problem with the current situation for college students?
A. They do not have high enough grades to get student loans to pay for school.
B. Students often forget to make the payments on their loans and increase their debt.
C. They have to take loans and if they leave school they cannot repay them.
D. Students see getting a college degree as a risk they do not want to take.
What reason does the story give for accepting the higher cost of attending a private university?
A. Students and teachers can make stronger personal connections that help in job hunting.
B. The private colleges are well known and respected, so employers know their quality.
C. The private universities help students find appropriate jobs in their field.
D. All of these are reasons the story gives for attending a more expensive private college.
What do the experts say should be done to make the tuition system fairer to low-income students?
A. States should offer more aid to help students afford to attend colleges.
B. Public university officials should lower their tuition rates.
C. Wealthy students should have to pay full tuition at private universities
D. Faculty should take lower salaries so tuition can be lowered.
Words in This Story
the course of – n. used to describe what happens during a period of time or when something is being done
afford – v. to be able to pay for (something
tuition – n. money that is paid to a school for the right to study there
institution(s) – n. an established organization
subtract(ed) – v. to take a number or amount from another number or amount
reputation – n. the common opinion that people have about someone or somethingselective – adj. careful to choose only the best people or things
graduate(s) – n. a person who has earned a degree or diploma from a school, college, or university
vast – adj. very great in size, amount, or extent
【BCDA】
用户评论