Intestinal obstruction designates an impairment of movement of intestinal contents in a cephalocaudal direction. The causes can be categorized as mechanical obstruction and paralytic obstruction. Strangulation with necrosis of the bowel may occur and lead to perforation, peritonitis and sepsis. It is a serious complication and may increase the mortality rate of intestinal obstruction to about 25%.
Mechanical Obstruction can result from a number of conditions，intrinsic and extrinsic that encroach on the patency of the bowel lumen. Major inciting causes include external hernia and postoperative lesions. Less common causes are strictures, tumors, foreign bodies, intussuception and volvulus. Intussusception involves the telescoping of bowel into the adjacent segment. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children younger than 2 years of age. The most common form is the intussusception of the terminal ileum into the right colon, but other areas of the bowel may be involved. In most cases, the cause of the disorder is unknown. The condition can also occur in adults when an intraluminal mass or tumor acts as a traction force and pulls the segment along as it telescopes into the distal segment. Volvulus refers to a complete twisting of the bowel on an axis formed by its mensentry. Volvulus of the colon accounts for 5% to 10% of large bowel obstruction. Mechanical bowel obstruction may be a simple obstruction in which there is no alteration in blood flow, or a stranguled obstruction , in which there is impairment of blood flow and necrosis of bowel tissue.
cephalocaudal 从头到尾的
strangulation （呼吸）窒息；绞窄
necrosis 坏死
perforation 穿孔
peritonitis 腹膜炎
sepsis 脓毒病，脓毒症
intrinsic 内源性的，体内的
extrinsic 外源性的，体外的
encroach 侵犯
patency 开放性
hernia 疝，突出
inguinal 腹股沟的
femoral 股骨的，股的
umbilical 脐的
adhesion 粘连
stricture 狭窄
intussusception 套叠，肠套叠
vovulus 肠扭转
adjacent 邻近的，毗邻的
ileum 回肠
colon 结肠
intraluminal 管腔内的
traction 牵引
mesentery 肠系膜
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