Last night, when I was coming into town from Pudong Airport, I crossed the beautiful Huangpu River on the Lupu Bridge. This reminded me of China’s talent in making bridges and made me think of three other important bridges. Bridge number one: 40 years ago, China started to build a “bridge to the world” by opening its economy and by kickstarting reforms that have changed the lives and prospects of hundreds of millions of people—here and beyond China.
昨晚，我从浦东机场进城，通过卢浦大桥跨过了美丽的黄浦江。这让我想起了中国在修桥方面的天赋和另外三座重要的桥梁。第一座桥梁：40年前，中国开始建造“通往世界的桥梁”。开放经济，启动改革。改变了数亿人的生活和前景，不仅仅是在中国。
By transforming itself—through trade, hard work, and learning from others—China has also helped to transform the global economy. Progress in this country has played a significant role in boosting productivity, innovation and living standards in countries around the world. Yes, there is always more work to be done. On these bridges, you don’t want traffic jams. There is room for even greater openness in China’s domestic market, which can help strengthen the global trade system. And there is scope for further reforms that can help unlock the full potential of many private-sector firms.
中国在通过贸易、勤奋努力和向他国学习来实现自我转变的同时，也帮助全球经济实现了转型。中国的发展对于提高世界各国的生产力、创新能力和生活水平发挥了重要作用。当然，总有可以进一步改进的空间。中国的国内市场还有更大的开放空间，这有助于加强全球贸易体系。另外，还有待进一步推进改革，促进释放众多私营企业的全部潜力。
Bridge number two: China is building a “bridge to prosperity” by rebalancing its economy towards consumption-led growth, rather than export- and investment-led growth. Building that bridge is well under way. In the first three quarters of this year, consumption contributed 78 percent to China’s GDP growth, up from 50 percent only 5 years ago.
第二座桥梁：中国正在建造“通往繁荣的桥梁”。促进经济的再平衡调整，实现消费带动、而非出口和投资驱动的经济增长，这座桥梁的建设正在进行之中。今年前三个季度，消费对中国GDP增长的贡献率达到78%，而5年前仅为50%。
This transition—which is symbolized by the China International Import Expo—is good for China, especially in terms of rising standards of living for the Chinese people, and good for the world, including all those who see China as a vital and vibrant market for their goods and services. Again, we can see the progress and rebalancing in the numbers: for example, China’s current account surplus is projected to be less than 1 percent of GDP this year, compared with about 10 percent in 2007.
这一转变——以中国国际进口博览会为标志——对中国有利，特别是提高了中国人民的生活水平；同时，也对世界有利，包括所有将中国作为货物和服务重要和充满活力的市场的国家。相关进展和再平衡进程同样体现在数字中：例如，中国的经常账户顺差预计今年不到GDP的1%，而2007年约为10%。
Bridge number three: China is building a “bridge to the future” by harnessing the power of international cooperation, especially on trade. On behalf of the IMF, I have called on all countries to de-escalate and resolve the current trade disputes and to fix the global trade system, not destroy it. To achieve these goals, we need more international cooperation, not less—and that goes well beyond economics.
第三座桥梁：中国正在建造“通往未来的桥梁”。利用国际合作的力量，特别是贸易方面的国际合作。代表国际货币基金组织，我已经呼吁所有国家缓和、化解当前的贸易争端，修复全球贸易体系，而不是破坏它。为实现这些目标，我们需要加强国际合作，而不是削弱国际合作——而这远远超出经济学的范畴。
The French philosopher Montesquieu once said that “wherever there is good citizenship, there is trade, and wherever there is trade, there is good citizenship.” In other words, trade has the capacity to boost innovation, foster not only prosperity but also peace within countries and among nations. So in Shanghai, the city of 12 bridges, let us work together to build the bridge— to peace, to a prosperous future, here in Shanghai and across the world.
法国哲学家孟德斯鸠曾经说过，“有良好的公民精神，就有贸易；有贸易，就有良好的公民精神。” 换句话说，贸易不仅能推动创新、促进繁荣，还能促进一国内部和各国之间的和平。所以，让我们携手合作，在拥有12座桥梁的上海和世界其它各地，为和平、为繁荣的未来建造这些桥梁。
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