为什么一些男人会秃顶？

Look at that beautiful bald man.
看这个帅气的光头男
He’s oozing swagger and confidence.
他神气十足并且十分自信
He owns it.
他的确也是这样
But it wasn’t always like this.
但他并不一直是这样
This is Rob. He’s 33.
这是罗宾 33岁
This is also Rob.
这也是他
He started to lose his hair when he was about 20.
他从20岁时开始脱发
So, what happened?
所以 到底发生了什么呢？
Why did Rob go bald,
为什么罗宾成光头了
and what does it mean?
这又意味着什么呢？
为什么一些男人会秃顶？
There’s something about being bald and owning it.
变秃和光头之间是有关系的
I mean, look at all these bald icons.
我是说 比如这些光头名人
Michael Jordan, Jason Statham,
迈克尔•乔丹 杰森•斯坦森
his sidekick, The Rock.
他的副手 洛克
But losing your hair is not something
但脱发并非是你
you aspire to.
所希望的事
Commercial: If you’re concerned about your thinning hair,
如果你担心自己头发稀疏
call Hair Club for Men and receive our free brochure.
请致电男士发廊 获取免费的手册
Flanagan: In fact, there’s an entire industry
实际上 已经存在一条完整的产业链
built around fighting it.
来应对脱发
Man: And remember:
请记得
I’m not only the Hair Club president,
我不仅是发型俱乐部的董事
but I’m also a client.
我也是客户
Flanagan: I asked a dermatologist
我向皮肤科医生咨询
about why some men lose their hair
为什么人们会脱发
and if going bald is my destiny as well.
以及我是否会脱发
Jennifer Chwalek: So, when we say “baldness,”
当我们提到秃顶
we’re usually referring to male-pattern baldness,
我们经常联想到男性型脱发
or androgenetic alopecia.
或雄性激素型脱发
The hair follicle is slowly, over time,
随着时间的推移
becoming smaller and smaller,
毛囊逐渐变得越来越小
to the point when it stops producing a full hair.
直到停止生长完整的头发
Testosterone is becoming to dihydrotestosterone
在5α-还原酶的作用下
in the hair follicle
睾酮转变成了
by an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase,
毛囊中的双氢睾酮
and when it attaches to the androgen receptor
当它附着在毛囊中的
in the hair follicle,
雄激素受体时
it causes the follicle to produce a smaller hair.
就导致毛囊长出更小的毛发
Flanagan: So, I want to show you
我想让你看看
my friend Rob here.
我的朋友罗宾
Rob started losing his hair in his early 20s,
罗宾在二十几岁的时候开始脱发
and, as you can see,
正如你看到的
there’s little to…well, there’s none left.
只有很少…… 好吧 已经没有头发了
So what is going on with Rob?
那么 罗宾发生了什么？
Chwalek: Well, Rob has what we call
噢 罗宾患有
androgenetic alopecia,
雄性激素型脱发
or male-pattern baldness.
或男性型脱发
This is due to several genes.
这是由一些基因造成的
And some of the genes are early expressing,
有些基因很早就显示这一点
and some susceptible individuals,
一些容易受影响的人
they start to lose their hair very young,
他们很早就开始脱发
usually by age 30.
通常是在30岁
Flanagan: The fact that Rob is bald,
罗宾现在是秃顶
does that make him any less virile?
这会减少他的阳刚之气吗？
Chwalek: No. So,
不会
it’s a myth that hair loss or balding
脱发或秃顶是否
is associated with virility in men.
与男性生殖力有关 这仍是个谜
Men who go bald don’t have
秃顶的男人不具有
abnormal levels of testosterone.
正常水平的睾酮
It’s really that the hair follicle
的确 毛囊变得
becomes sensitized to the effects
对睾酮和雄激素的影响
of testosterone or androgens,
十分敏感
and it starts to create a smaller hair,
它开始长出更细的头发
and eventually it stops producing hair.
最终停止生长头发
Flanagan: So, what role do genetics play,
基因起什么作用呢？
and is it true that baldness is inherited
难道秃顶真是从母亲那边
from your mom’s side?
遗传带来的吗？
Chwalek: The genetics of male-pattern thinning
男性型发量减少和秃顶
and baldness is complicated.
的遗传学都很复杂
We know that the androgen receptor gene
雄激素受体基因在X染色体上
is on the X chromosome, which is inherited
理论上 雄激素受体基因是从
from your maternal side, typically.
母亲那遗传来的
So, there are some studies showing
因此 一些研究显示
that having a brother
当你有一个
who expresses male-pattern baldness
男性型脱发的兄弟
might be more predictive than if your father
这可能比你父亲有男性型脱发
has male-pattern thinning.
更能说明你会有脱发
Flanagan: Let’s talk about me. Chwalek: Mm-hmm.
—现在来说说我自己 —好呀
Flanagan: I’m 37.
我37岁
I’ve still got some hair. Chwalek: Yeah.
—我还是有一些头发的 —对呀
Flanagan: But can you tell me what’s going on?
那你能告诉我接下来会怎么样呢？
Am I gonna go bald?
我会秃顶吗？
Chwalek: Well, do you have a family history
你的家族成员中曾有人
of any thinning?
头发稀少吗？
Flanagan: Yes, I do, on my dad’s side.
我父亲那边有人是的
My dad, pretty much bald, his brother is bald.
我父亲几乎是秃顶 他哥哥也是秃顶
I have a brother who has a very thick head of hair.
我有个哥哥头发则非常多
Chwalek: Do you think your hair has been thinning?
你觉得你头发已经变稀少了吗？
Flanagan: I think it might be, like,
我想可能是的
in the front a little bit.
前面有点稀少
I don’t really know what’s going up top there.
我不知道头顶看起来怎么样
Chwalek: Yeah, maybe a little.
可能有点少
Flanagan: Really? Chwalek: Maybe a little.
—真的吗？ —可能是有点
So, androgenetic alopecia
男性型脱发
is actually not an uncommon trait.
是一种常见的特征
About 40% of the population
大约40%人口
has some degree of thinning,
都有不同程度的头发稀少
usually between the ages of, like, 20 to 40.
通常发生在20至40岁之间
Flanagan: My wife, Janet,
我的妻子 Janet
she really likes my blond hair,
非常喜欢我金色的头发
and if it were to go, that could be a problem.
如果我的头发都掉了 那可麻烦了
So, how long do you think I’ve got
你觉得我能保持这样的外表
to keep some semblance of this?
多长时间呢？
Chwalek: I think you probably have a while to go.
我觉得你大概还有一段时间
I think you’re gonna be OK.
你会没事的
The men who tend to go bald-bald
会秃顶的男人
tend to do so by age 30, usually.
通常会在30岁时变成全秃
Flanagan: Based on what you see, my age,
根据我的年龄
what I’ve described about my family,
还有我刚才描述的家庭情况
you don’t expect my hair to just fall out
你不认为我的头发会在
in the next, like, five years?
未来5年里脱落吗？
Chwalek: No, it would be unusual,
不 这不常见
but you may notice, you know,
但你会注意到
as you get a little bit older,
随着你的年龄增长
it may continue to thin slightly.
你的头发会慢慢变少
Flanagan: OK, that’s a relief.
好吧 我松口气了
Fantastic.
好棒
That’s great!
太好了！