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六级真题试卷完整版2016-2020请去这里：公-重-号：超能资料库
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-----2020-2021新题型模拟卷------
【听力原文】
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations.
At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions.
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Conversation One
W: I don't understand
how the inventor earns money from the invention.
After all, anyone can copy and sell it.
Really, what is a patent?
A piece of paper?
A philosophy?
You can't see it.
M: I am glad you asked that.
Actually when an inventor has a patent,
it's enforceable by the laws in the country
where the inventor developed the invention.
If anyone makes and sells the product
then the inventor can take them to civil court.
W: What can the inventor expect to receive if he sues and wins?
M: Well, there are different things the court could do,
but there's no guarantee.
There's a good chance the court could award him compensation
and orders to stop the manufacture and sale of goods.
It may well be that the goods would be ordered to be destroyed.
W: Can the other person being sued
do anything to help themselves?
M: That's the beauty of the whole thing.
Ignorance of the law doesn't count, I'm afraid.
However, the other person can counter-sue
pretending that they were actually the original inventor.
W: You said the inventor is protected by the laws of the country.
Is everything equal?
Do all countries have the same law?
M: No, they're not all equal.
You're right. It's only in theory.
It is being worked on.
The World Trade Organization has developed an agreement,
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights,
which makes sure that the patent is valid for 20 years.
W: That doesn't make sense.
Twenty years is a long time.
M: Actually, it does.
It's believed that inventors make and sell goods faster
after they register the patent
because there's a 20-year limitation on the patent.
On the other hand,
other inventors can use the information the inventor disclosed
when the product was registered.
Giving the information is all part of the deal.
W: Cool.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. Why can the woman hardly understand
that an inventor earns money from the invention?
2. What may the court ask the sued person to do?
3. What is the purpose of
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights?
4. How does a valid time span of a patent influence the inventor?
Conversation Two
M: Hi, Queenie, how are you enjoying yourself at university?
W: Hi, Jack, it's a lot of work.
But I am having a good time.
Are you planning to attend college next year?
M: Yeah.
Can you tell me what facilities they have for disabled students?
My wheelchair doesn't always allow me to get into buildings.
W: You should inquire at Student Services.
They can discuss your medical history with you confidentially
and make allowances.
My friends Shannon and Rosie use computers to do their exams,
so in your case,
I'm sure it would not be a problem.
M: What about the wheelchair access?
W: The newer buildings have elevators and wide doors,
but the older buildings have not been upgraded
to accommodate handicapped people as far as I know.
What faculty are you planning to go into?
M: I am thinking of doing engineering.
W: Hmm. Engineering is in the old Adams building.
I don't know if there is an elevator.
M: Do the buses that go out to campus
have facilities to bring wheelchairs on board?
W: Yes, that I know for sure.
All the buses are equipped with electronic lifts,
and there are seats that fold back.
M: What about the sidewalks?
W: I think most of the sidewalks have been leveled at the corners,
so you could probably use your wheelchair, but I am not sure.
In fact, if you would like, why don't you come with me?
I'll be taking the bus
and I could show you around once we got there.
M: That's really nice of you, Raphel. I'd really like that.
W: Okay, I will come to your house about 8:30 in the morning
and we can take the commuter train into town,
then catch the bus up to the university.
M: Great, I look forward to it.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What would the Student Services do with the man?
6. What are the differences
between the new teaching buildings and the old ones,
according to the woman?
7. What is the feature of buses that go to the campus?
8. What's the purpose of Queenie's appointment with Jack?
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages.
At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
One of the complaints of city residents,
not surprisingly,
is the lack of parking.
This problem is partly caused by all the abandoned cars on the streets.
It has been estimated by A to Z Towing Inc.,
a nationwide tow-truck agency,
that over one million cars are abandoned
on the streets and alleyways of the nation's cities.
Each year,
approximately a third of those cars are removed and destroyed.
The rest of the cars,
which are not removed,
take up parking spaces and make neighborhoods look run-down.
A survey of twenty cities by A to Z reports
that as much as 30 million dollars is spent annually
to tow away and dismantle abandoned vehicles.
One city alone, Los Angeles,
spends five million dollars a year
to control the accumulation of abandoned cars on its streets.
Even though the city spends so much money on the program,
it is always fighting a losing battle
as more and more cars are constantly coming off the production line.
On the other hand, Boston,
which spends most of its money on museums and libraries,
does not appropriate tax money to clean abandoned cars off the streets.
In Boston the problem has been dealt with
by a non-profit government agency called Street Horizons,
which uses the money from the recycling of metal in the cars
to pay for the cost of towing them.
The program in Boston sounds good
although it has not completely reached financial independence
from the federal government yet.
Until a truly self-sufficient program
for removing old cars is developed,
it will remain a serious problem.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What is the problem with abandoned cars?
10. What does A to Z Towing Inc. say about the abandoned cars?
11. How has Boston dealt with the abandoned cars?
Passage Two
During a state of deep relaxation,
several physiological changes take place in the body:
the body's oxygen consumption is reduced;
the heart beat decreases;
muscle tension and sweating ease,
and there is decreased sympathetic nervous system activity.
The restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself,
but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
How to achieve this state of relaxation,
however, is a matter of opinion.
A recent report by Dr. David Holmes of the University of Kansas
in the journal American Psychologist
said that simply sitting in an armchair
has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body
as meditation does.
Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree.
These experts believe that more structured techniques,
such as meditation,
lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
The debate goes on,
but one thing appears to be clear:
the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods,
and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there.
One day, one method may work best;
on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate.
Once you are aware of all the methods,
you can find the one that works best for you.
Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation,
self-analysis and progressive muscle relaxation.
Although these techniques may not, in the end,
produce more of a relaxation response
than just sitting quietly in a chair,
they have the added benefit of structure and discipline,
and for these reasons appear to be
more effective for most individuals.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. What will happen
when a person is in a state of deep "relaxation"?
13. What did Dr. David Holmes say about "relaxation"
in American Psychologist?
14. What do the opponents of Dr. David Holmes believe?
15. What does the speaker think of "relaxation techniques"
such as meditation?
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks
followed by some questions.
The recordings will be played only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
You've probably seen encyclopedias.
Whether you're settling an argument or researching a school project,
these books can hold the answers.
These days though,
the world moves so fast,
it's hard for books that were written months or years ago to keep up.
Thankfully we have a new kind of encyclopedia that's online, free,
built by thousands of people and changes every day.
This household name is: Wikipedia.
The idea that thousands of volunteers
could create an online encyclopedia
doesn't sound possible,
but thanks to new technology and specific policies,
Wikipedia has become one of the top 5 sites on the Web.
The site is run by a not-for-profit foundation
with a goal to provide everyone on the planet
access to the sum of all human knowledge.
To see how it works,
let's get started with the "wiki" in Wikipedia.
A wiki is a kind of website
that allows users to make changes to any page.
They simply click, edit, make the change,
and then save the page to share it with the world.
This basic concept allows volunteers
to contribute information on any subject in Wikipedia.
And because Wikipedia is a website,
there is no limit to the number of topics it can cover.
Being a wiki means that Wikipedia is always changing.
When someone notable passes away,
Wikipedia is updated.
When news breaks,
Wikipedia grows.
It all works because tens of thousands of volunteers contribute,
and also enforce rules to ensure Wikipedia
remains a reliable source for factual information.
These users, like any member,
can see changes as they happen on each article.
For example,
if someone posts an advertisement on Wikipedia,
which is forbidden,
volunteers can easily reverse the change
to maintain the article's integrity.
This means every change to Wikipedia is reviewed
and must observe two big rules.
The first is verifiability,
which is necessary to ensure high quality.
For this reason,
Wikipedia articles must rely on information
from published sources like books or newspapers---
resources known for fact-checking.
Requiring contributors to cite these resources
in articles and quotations
ensures Wikipedia articles are factual and high quality.
If it's not verified, it can't be in Wikipedia.
The second rule requires a neutral point of view.
All Wikipedia materials must be presented fairly and without bias,
just like any other encyclopedia.
This means Wikipedia is not a place for contributors
to share their own opinions.
It's these two rules and the volunteers who uphold them
that make Wikipedia a reliable resource that grows each day.
And you can be involved
in the process of building a free encyclopedia---
the largest encyclopedia in human history.
16. What can we learn about Wikipedia from the talk?
17. What can users do in a wiki?
18. What will probably happen
when an advertisement is posted on Wikipedia?
19. What is the second rule of Wikipedia?
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.
A new study has found evidence of aggressive behavior in children
who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day.
Information for the study
came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds.
Researchers asked the women to keep a record of
how many servings of soft drinks
their children drank over a two-month period.
The women were also asked
to complete a checklist of their children's behavior.
The researchers found that 43 percent of the boys and girls
drank at least one daily serving of soda,
4 percent of the youngsters
had four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia is with Columbia University's Mailman School
of Public Health in New York City.
She worked on the study with researchers
from the University of Vermont
and Harvard University School of Public Health.
She says they found that children
who drank the most soda
were more than two times as likely as those
who drank no soda to show signs of aggression.
"For the children who consumed four or more soft drinks per day,
we see an association between aggressive behaviors,
attention problems and withdrawn behaviors."
The aggressive behaviors included
destroying possessions belonging to others,
taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
Shakira Suglia says the researchers identified the link
after they considered socio-demographic factors
like the child's age and sex.
They also considered other possible influence,
such as whether the boys and girls were eating sweets
or given fruit drinks on a normal day.
In addition,
the researchers examined parenting styles and other social conditions
that might be taking place in the home.
Doctor Suglia says it's not clear
why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems.
"We can't prove that this is a direct cause and effect relationship,
having said that, there are a lot of ingredients in soda,
a lot of ingredients
that have not been examined in relation to behavior."
A substance often found in soft drinks is caffeine,
which helps to make people feel energized.
Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine
could be causing the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive.
The research is part of a large study
called the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.
It follows 5,000 poor mothers and their children
in 20 American cities.
Earlier studies of young adults
have found the highest sugar levels in those
who carry weapons
and show signs of negative social behaviors.
20. What did Shakira Suglia's study find?
21. What did the researchers examine
before they identify the link in the research?
22. What did earlier studies find in young adults?
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
Today, we'll continue our discussion of the school life at Harvard.
Each year, Harvard students have to pay for the high tuition fees.
Fortunately, the University provides students
with many employment opportunities.
Even before the students come to campus,
the Student Employment Office at Harvard
will send freshmen some information
regarding working at Harvard,
given that many students choose to work
as soon as they start their new life at Harvard.
There are both term-time
and summer employment opportunities for students.
The jobs are available at the Student Employment Jobs Database,
from which students can find a variety of jobs,
both on-campus and off-campus.
In addition to searching for jobs through the jobs database,
there are many other ways to find jobs.
Some employers will also post their employment information
on the website of Student Employment Office.
Some students work consistently over the course of the year,
averaging between eight and twelve hours a week.
Other students work periodically
and have secured jobs
that allow them great flexibility in their work schedules.
Students work on and off campus,
on the Federal Work Study Program or on Regular payroll.
Students may work at a given job
as long as they are students at Harvard,
and may work more than one job at a time.
Students must be paid for hours worked on a weekly basis.
Undergraduates may not work more than 20 hours per week
while enrolled and 40 hours per week when classes are not in session.
Graduate students may work up to twenty hours a week.
Students are required to report hours worked two ways:
electronically or by submitting a paper time card.
Students are paid weekly by check or direct deposit.
All earnings are subject to federal, state, and local taxes.
If you are more interested in academic research,
you can join in the Faculty Aide Program.
The program encourages professors
to hire undergraduate research assistants.
It provides opportunities for undergraduates
to become closely involved in the ongoing research
of a Harvard faculty member.
Faculty Aide Awards are granted to the faculty member directly.
Approved applicants are awarded one $1,500 grant
for the academic year or summer term
to be used by one student or divided among several.
23. What service does the Student Employment Office
provide to Harvard students?
24. What can we learn about
the working hours of undergraduates at Harvard?
25. What can we learn about
the Faculty Aide Program from the talk?
This is the end of Listening Comprehension.
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