子张曰：“何谓四恶？”子曰：“不教而杀谓之虐；不戒视成谓之暴；慢令致期谓之贼；犹之与人也，出纳之吝谓之有司。”
“Now I understand,” said the disciple, “But what do you mean by the four bad principles of which you have spoken?”
“First,” replied Confucius, “is cruelly; that is, the undue punishment of crimes committed through ignorance arising out of a neglected education. Secondly tyranny of that kind which renders people liable to punishment for offences without first clearly giving public notice. Thirdly, heartlessness; which means to leave orders in abeyance and uncertainly, and suddenly to enforce their performance by punishment. And lastly, meanness; to treat your subordinates as if bartering with them exactly and meanly: that is called behaving like professional men and not like gentlemen.”
3. 孔子曰：“不知命，无以为君子也；不知礼，无以立也；不知言，无以知人也。”
Confucius remarked, “Without religion a man cannot be a good and wise man; without knowledge of the arts and of the principles of art, a man cannot form his judgment; without the knowledge of the use of language, a man cannot judge of and know the character of men.”
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