Grand Canal (Hangzhou section)_浙江省英语导游加试英语导游词_免费在线阅读收听下载

Introduction to the Beijing-Hangzhou grand Canal (Hangzhou section).
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the largest and one of the oldest canals in the world.The Zhejiang section is over 120 kilometers long and connects to water systems of lake Tai and the Qiantang river.Among the eastern,central and western routes, the eastern section is narrow and twisting, usually represents the location of the canal and is navigable all the year around.
Wujiang-Jiaxing-Hangzhou section. the Jiangnan Canal，once named the jiangnan river or canal is western Zhejiang,in the south section of the Grand Canal.Running from Zhenjiang of Jiangsu province in the north, it passes around the eastern border of lake Tai to Suzhou before reaching Hangzhou in Zhejiang. As early as the spring and autumn period, numerous lakes and rivers clustered around the lowland between the Yangtze river and the Qiantang River,where canals linking lakes and rivers already existed.Through excavation and renovation in different dynasties,The Jiangnan canal began to take shape.In the year 610 in the Sui dynasty,Emperor Yang guang ordered the excavation and expansion of the ancient canal in the south of the Yangtze river，which developed into today's Jiangnan Canal.
Zhonghe-Longshan River This part is the extension of Jiangnan canal through Hangzhou to the Qiantang river .During the northern song dynasty ,longshan river was dredged to ensure the smooth shipping of grain shipment from the Qiantang river to Hangzhou.A floodgate was built at the entrance of the Qiantang river to stop tidal surges and adjust water flow of the canal.
The main route in Eastern Zhejiang : Running within Zhejiang ,this 239 kilometers cannal starts from Xixing community in Binjiang District and passes through the Caoe River,Shaoxing city and reaches the entrance of the Yong River in Ningbo city.The earliest part,which is located at Shanyin Old Canal in Shaoxing, can be dated back to the spring and autumn period.During the Western Jin Dynasty,local official He Xun took charge of excavating the Xixing canal which was later connected with the canal in the east of the Caoe River to form a complete waterway that links the Qiantang River in the west and the East China Sea in the east.the section that links Xixing to the Caoe River is also called Xiaoshao Canal.
In the Southern Song Dynasty when the capital of the country was moved to lin'an,the canal in eastern Zhejiang was the main waterway for shipping. The historical use of this section are shipping,irrigation,grain transport,and a water post station,.a large number of cultural relics were found along this canal, including three national cultural relics protection sites, 20 provincial culture relic-protection sites and several others.These sites are mainly water conservation facilities and bridges,many ancient towns affected by the canal are to be found along it,such as Xixing Ancient Town.
Applying for the world heritage status
This is a dream that spans 2000 years. If the Great Wall is the sculpture for the Chinese spirit, then the grand canal is the incubator of dreams. The Ancient Chinese people lived and prospered where there was water.In this sense, the history of the Grand Canal mirrors the rise and fall of dynasties in ancient China. It is this history of aquatic civilization,like canal culture, economy,and customs that nurtured economic prosperity, urban development and cultural glory.
Today, this dream is endowed with a broader sense in internationalization applying for World heritage status. During the 38th Sesstion of World Heritage Committee organized by UNESCO in Qatar on June 22nd, 2014, the Grand Canal was officially inscribed on the Catalogue of World Heritage Sites.
The Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal is still a working waterway and shows the world that living history creates value.
As one end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Hangzhou was one of the three most important cities along the Grand Canal during the application for the world heritage status. The other two cities were Tongzhou and YangZhou.
How did Hangzhou come to be one of the most important?According to the criteria,the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China determined which sections should apply for UNESCO status first, including 58 heritage sites and 27 sections of waterways in eight provinces and municipalities, with a total waterway length of 1011 kilometers. Among them, the Hangzhou section had 11 sites, including six heritage sites and five waterway sections as follows:Fengshan Water Gate,Fuyi Granary,Qiaoxi Historic Block,Ancient Logistic Center Wharf in Xixing,Gongchen Bridge,Guangji Bridge,Jiangnan Canal,Zhonghe-Longshan River Section,Main Route in Eastern Zhejiang. These waterways have a total length of 110 kilometers with important positions in China.
Gongchen Bridge. At the southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is Gongchen bridge,where a stone monument was erected. This three-arch bridge was constructed in the 4th year of the Reign of Chongzhen during the ming dynasty, giving the history of over nearly 400 years. The present bridge was rebuilt during the Reign KangXi in the Qing dynasty. It is 138 meters long and 6.6 meters wide.Each pier diminishes layer by layer and the emperor's raiment design on both sides of the bridge decks makes it imposing.There are two protection piers under the bridge for effective protection and to alert passing boat.The bridge is located in Grand Canal Square on Qiaonong Street in the Gongshu District of Hangzhou.This ancient bridge,streching over the ancient grand canal,symbolizes the southern end of the Grand Canal.
Guangji Bridge. Located to the northwest of Tangqi in Yuhang District,Guangji bridge spans over the grand canal from north to south.It is the only seven-arch stone bridge and the largest thin-pier arch bridge across the Grand Canal. It was originally built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the second year of the Reign of Hongzhi during the Ming Dynasty.It also renovated in the Reign of Kangxi during the Qing Dynasty.It is 78.7 meters long and 5.2 meters wide. The central arch has a span of 15.69meters and a height of 7.75 meters. The other arches have spans of 11.68 meters,8.26 meters,and 5.3 meters and heighs of 5.26 meters, 4.13 meters and 2.7 meters respectively. The structural feature of this bridge is its girder-arch,with the girders arranged like ribs,.There are 80 steps on the North to south sides.The plain side stone panels are 0.4 meter high and there are 64 balusters on each side. The four pillars on the top are designed in a lotus shape and the other pillars are in a spherical shape. Four Chinese characters which indicate the year of its reconstruction, i.e. the second year of the reign of Hongzhi,are carved on the arch.

Grand Canal (Hangzhou section)

Grand Canal (Hangzhou section)

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