1、gettysburg-address(葛底斯堡演讲)-林肯

《林肯在葛底斯堡的演讲》是南北内战中为纪念在葛底斯堡战役中阵亡战士所做的一篇演讲。是林肯最出名的演讲，也是美国文学中最漂亮、最富有诗意的文章之一，用时不到2分钟
1863年7月3日葛底斯堡战役是美国南北战争中最为残酷的一战，这是南北战争的转折点。这场战役交战双方共死了51000人，而当时美国只有几百万人口。四个月后林肯总统到葛底斯堡战场访问，为这场伟大战役的阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式。
这篇演说是在1863年11月19日发表的。这篇演讲被认为是英语演讲中的最高典范，尤其重要的是，林肯在演讲中表达了一个政府存在的目的——民有、民治、民享。其演讲手稿被藏于美国国会图书馆，其演说辞被铸成金文，长存于牛津大学。至今，人们也常在许多重要场合提起或朗诵它。
虽然这是一篇庆祝军事胜利的演说，但它没有好战之气。相反，这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞，赞美那些作出最后牺牲的人们，以及他们为之献身的那些理想。

英文版：

Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

中文版：

先人立国已逾八十有七载。立国以自由，众生平等乃国本也。

今逢内争，欲明以此为本之国能永存否。今聚战场，欲以方寸之地奉我勇士。勇士者，为国捐躯舍生取义，奉以此地安之，义举也。

然复往广推，此地难奉，遑论祭或圣之。众勇士，或存或亡，皆战于此，已奉祭于斯，我等绵力不能增其圣以毫厘，或减以寸分。吾等今日所言，世人将漠之，记忆必短；然勇士事迹，量不致或忘丝毫。吾尚存者，当担所余大任；承烈士遗志，倍吾力于未竟之业；神佑吾国，当获自由之新生；民有、民治、民享之政必永续于世。

参考文献：
1、介绍及中文版演讲稿: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E8%8C%B2%E5%A0%A1%E6%BC%94%E8%AA%AA

2、英文版演讲稿来源：https://www.fiftiesweb.com/usa/gettysburg-address.htm