（Level 3）-Day_93 Jackie Robinson

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词汇提示

1.segregation 种族隔离

2.separate 分开

3.relegate 降级

4.mascot 吉祥物

5.sharecopper 佃农

6.initially 最初

7.solid 可靠的

8.attendance 出席的人

9.rampant 泛滥的

10.prohibited 禁止

11.integrated 融合

12.pitches 投球

13.epitaph墓志铭

原文

Jackie Robinson

On April 15,1947，Jackie Robinson（1919-1972）became the first African American to play in the Major Baseball League.

On that day，he started for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

The so-called“color-line”had existed in baseball and many other sports for decades in American sports：the complete segregation of whites and blacks into separate league and teams.

There had been blacks in the sports of baseball for many years.

In fact，in the nineteenth century blacks had played alongside whites in several leagues in the U.S.

However，an 1896 court case reinforced the segregation baseball players according to the color of their skin.

As a result，black players were excluded from Major League Baseball，relegated either to the position of mascot for the Major League team，or forced to organize their own loosely structured “Negro” teams.

Robinson，the son of a sharecropper and grandson of a slave，excelled in several sports before serving in the U.S. army.

Initially a player in the Negro Leagues，Robinson played in a period when there was increasing support for breaking down the color barrier.

The Brooklyn Dodgers' manager took on Robinson mainly because Robinson was a solid player，not because he was interested in challenging the color barrier.

Also，he felt it would increase attendance at the Brooklyn games，especially of African American fans.

In 1946，Robinson went to Florida to play for the Montreal Royals，the Dodgers' farm team.

This move was risky on Robinson's part，as racism was still rampant in the U.S. especially in the South.

In Florida，there were segregation laws that prohibited blacks and whites from sharing the same restaurants，hotels and other public places，including the baseball field.

Robinson was forced to stay in a “coloreds-only” hotel.

It was believed that there would be a greater chance of Robinson being integrated into the minor league in the more liberal and open environment of Canada.

Eventually，Robinson played his way into the Major League.

However，the transition was not smooth one.

In his first year，he had many pitches thrown his way and was regularly taunted by fans and players.

However，his season was a successful one，and he was voted Rookie of the Year.

Robinson's Major League career lasted 10 years.

Despite his initial success in breaking the color line in baseball，it would take many decades before there would be complete acceptance of black players.

To this day，there is under-representation of blacks in management and coaching position in baseball.

Robinson died in 1972.

His headstone bears an epitaph that he wrote：“A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives”.

翻译

杰基·罗宾逊

1947年4月15日，杰基·罗宾逊（1919-1972）成为第一位参加美国职业棒球大联盟的非裔美国人。
那天，他开始参加布鲁克林道奇队。
几十年来，在美国体育运动中，棒球和许多其他运动中都存在着所谓的“肤色线”：白人和黑人被完全隔离成不同的联盟和球队。
多年来，一直有黑人参与棒球运动。
事实上，在19世纪，黑人曾在美国的几个联赛中与白人并肩作战。
然而，1896年的一个法庭案件加强了棒球运动员肤色的隔离。
结果，黑人球员被排除在美国职业棒球大联盟之外，要么被降级为美国职业棒球大联盟球队的吉祥物，要么被迫组建自己结构松散的“黑人”球队。
罗宾逊是一个佃农的儿子，一个奴隶的孙子，在参军之前，他在几项体育运动中表现出色。
最初，罗宾逊是黑人联盟的球员，当时人们越来越支持打破肤色障碍。
布鲁克林道奇队的主教练之所以选择罗宾逊，主要是因为罗宾逊是一名可靠的球员，而不是因为他对挑战肤色障碍感兴趣。
此外，他认为这将增加布鲁克林比赛的出席人数，尤其是非裔美国球迷。
1946年，罗宾逊前往佛罗里达州为道奇队的农场队蒙特利尔皇家队效力。
这一举动对罗宾逊来说是有风险的，因为种族主义在美国尤其是在南部仍然猖獗。
在佛罗里达州，有种族隔离法，禁止黑人和白人共用同一家餐厅、酒店和其他公共场所，包括棒球场。
罗宾逊被迫住在一家“仅限有色人种”的酒店。
人们相信，在加拿大更自由开放的环境中，罗宾逊有更大的机会融入小联盟。
最终，罗宾逊以自己的方式进入了大联盟。
然而，这一转变并不顺利。
在他的第一年，有很多球扔向他，并且他经常被球迷和球员嘲笑。
然而，他的赛季很成功，他被选为年度新秀。
罗宾逊的职业生涯持续了10年。
尽管他最初成功地打破了棒球界的肤色界限，但要完全接受黑人球员还需要几十年的时间。
时至今日，黑人在棒球管理和教练职位上的代表性仍然不足。
罗宾逊于1972年去世。
他的墓碑上有一句墓志铭，他写道：“生命并不重要，重要的是它对其他生命产生影响。”。