四六级听力死磕磨耳朵 6

提示

1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。

2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。

3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。

词汇提示

1.reputation 声誉

2.scenario 剧本

3.compensated 报销

4.forfeit 失去

5.suspicious 怀疑

6.anticipate 预料

7.submitting 提交

8.fraudulent 欺骗的

9.hypothesis 假说

10.intuitive 直觉

原文

2020.12六级第一套recording  two

Now believe it or not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation, even if it hurts them to do so. At least this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.

信不信由你，人有时会为了维持自己良好的、诚实的声誉而撒谎，即使这样会损害自身的利益这是一个科学家团队提出的，且他们也有证据证明这一点。

Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report?

想象一下这种场景: 你经常开车上班，每月最高可报销400英里。你们公司大多数人每月大约驾驶300英里。但这个月你恰好驾驶了400英里。你觉得你会在报销单上填写多少英里呢？

The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today with

surprising results. They found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles.

作为我们今天正在讨论的研究的一部分，科学家们问出了这个问题，并发现结果令人惊讶他们发现12%的受访者填报的驾驶里程低于实际数据，他们填写的平均里程数是384英里。

In other words, they lied about the number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seem honest with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim.

也就是说，他们谎报了自己的里程数，哪怕他们因此没能拿到自己本能报销的钱研究人员认为，他们这样做是为了让自己看起来诚实，其前提假设是别人会对高额费用报销申请产生怀疑。

But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they're concerned about appearing honest and not losing the respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.

但是为什么人们会在有损自己利益的情况下谎报数据呢？研究人员解释说，很多人非常在意自己的名声以及别人对自己的评价。如果他们非常在乎，他们对表现得诚实以及不失去别人的尊重的关注，也许比想要做到真正诚实的内心欲望还要强烈。

The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.

研究人员断言，这项研究结果表明，当结果对自己非常有利时，人们会认为别人会质疑自己，因此比起说实话和让自己看起来像个自私自利的骗子，他们更倾向于撒谎和让自己看起来诚实。

So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie, selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others.

那么这项研究为什么很重要呢？专家们普遍认为，谎言有两种主要类型，利己的谎言和意在利他的谎言。第一种，正如你所想的，是为了获取私利，比如向保险公司提交欺诈性的索赔申请；第二种则是为了帮助他人或者不冒犯他人而撒谎。

For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great. But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now, this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie, but the findings seem intuitive to me

例如，告诉你的朋友他这身衣服看起来很好看，尽管你并不喜欢。而研究人员还提出第三种类型的谎言，即维持良好声誉而撒谎。目前这还是个新的假设，一些持怀疑态度的人士辩称这并不是一个全新的谎言类别，但研究结果对我来说似乎是基于本能的。

After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.

毕竟，说谎的主要动机之一就是为了提升我们在别人眼中的价值。因此人们很可能会为了让自己看起来诚实而撒谎。

问题：

Question 19: What did a team of scientists find in their study?

Question 20: Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?

Question 21: What does the speaker think of the researchers' findings?