496- Cool findings about motivation 有关动机的有趣发现 1

Source: 哈佛大学教育学院教材

1. Intrinsic（内在的）Motivation （动机）: The desire to engage in (参与) new challenges or learning opportunities without the expectation of external（外界的） rewards.

2. A "self-determination （决定） theory" of motivation involves three things coming together for a learner:

a. Competence（能力）.Feeling like one is effective at doing something. (“I want to be able to do a good job.”)

b. Autonomy（自治）.Feeling like one has control over things they do. (“I want to choose the things I do.”)

c. Relatedness（相关性）.Feeling like one is connecting meaningfully with other people. (“I want to be closer to other people.”)

3. This may also explain why, in workplaces, “micro-manager” bosses (that is, those who not only set goals but try to make choices for people about the exact steps by which work is accomplished （达成）) can be so demotivating for employees, as they deprive (剥夺) individuals of both a sense of competency and autonomy.

4.    Rewards tend to have a substantially (大量地) negative effect on intrinsic motivation by undermining （破坏、动摇） people's taking responsibility for motivating or regulating themselves.