10月19日午间英语新闻：建立友谊需要多久？心理学家：34小时

34 hours, from acquaintance to friendship 

建立友谊需要多久？心理学家：34小时

A study found that it takes about 34 hours of investment to shift from a superficial acquaintance to a true friendship. According to the study, a total of 11 interactions are required to move from acquaintance to friendship, with the average friendship taking 5.5 months to turn into something solid.

一项关于友谊的调查结果发现，与新认识的人建立友谊需要34个小时。从“泛泛之交”发展成真正的朋友需要大约11次互动、每次至少交流3小时，平均需要5个半月的时间。

According to the study, "Lockdown made people rethink a lot of their friendships. And one of the big problems [has been] friendships are very dependent on continued investment of time, so if you aren't able to see individuals at the requisite rate, they're just going to slide."

“封锁让人们重新思考自己的许多朋友关系。由于友谊非常依赖持续的时间投入，所以如果你与朋友交往互动不够，友谊就会消逝。”

The study found certain qualities are most important for friendship. In particular, 61% of respondents believe a sense of humor is an essential ingredient of friendship, and 44% say it's about holding similar values. For 26%, friendship is driven by similar interests and activities. People also say friendship is based on being trustworthy (26%) and reliable (23%).

调查结果还显示，人们交友时比较看重某些特质：61%的人认为幽默感很重要；44%表示需要价值观相同；26%希望好朋友与自己有共同的兴趣爱好；此外，值得信赖（26%）和可靠（23%）是友谊的基石。

The researcher Robin Dunbar became famous for his classic theory that people can maintain meaningful relationships with about 150 others. This is based on brain size, but it’s also based on the amount of time and investment it takes to maintain connections with each other. Within their 150 relationships, the average person has about five people who are close friends — the people you can really rely on, and with whom you have the deepest relationships.

研究员邓巴因提出“社会大脑假说”而闻名。他认为，受到脑容量和时间成本限制，现代人最多可以和约150人保持友谊。平均每个人大约有5个亲密的朋友——你真正可以依靠的人，你与他们有着最深厚的关系。

重点词汇：

1.requisite

英[ˈrekwɪzɪt]

美[ˈrekwɪzɪt]

adj.必需的; 必备的; 必不可少的;

n.必需的事物;

2.acquaintance

英[əˈkweɪntəns]

美[əˈkweɪntəns]

n.相识; 熟人; 认识的人; 泛泛之交; (与某人)认识，略有交情; (对某事物的)了解;

Easter Island’s stone-carved statues permanently damaged

大火失控！复活节岛神秘石像遭到永久性破坏

A fire, caused by the nearby Rano Raraku volcano, razed more than 100 hectares of Easter Island, damaging its famous stone-carved statues known as "Moai", which were created by a Polynesian tribe over 500 years ago, local officials reported.

当地官员称，一场由拉诺·拉拉库火山（Rano Raraku volcano）引发的大火席卷了复活节岛100余公顷的土地，破坏了岛上著名的由500多年前波利尼西亚一个部落创造的摩艾（Moai）石像。

Polynesian seafarers first arrived on Rapa Nui approximately 900 years ago, and have long made researchers curious about why the huge statues were placed where they are. According to UNESCO, the Polynesian society settled on the island and established a "powerful, imaginative and original tradition of monumental sculpture and architecture, free from any external influence," such as the "erected enormous stone figures known as Moai, which created an unrivaled landscape that continues to fascinate people throughout the world."

距今约900年前，波利西尼亚人从海上第一次来到拉帕努伊（Rapa Nui）岛（拉帕努伊是当地人对复活节岛的称呼）。长期以来，研究人员都十分好奇这些巨大的雕像究竟从何而来。联合国教科文组织称，波利西尼亚人在复活节岛上定居，并建立了 “强大的、极具想象力和独创性且不受外界影响的纪念雕像和建筑传统”，比如“巨大的直立石像‘摩艾’，它创造了一个绝无仅有的景观，吸引着全世界人”。

The high temperature of the forest fire accelerated the process through which the stone carvings will eventually turn into sand, Mayor Pedro Edmunds Paoa said. The damage is "irreparable and immeasurable as well," he added.

复活节岛所属的拉帕努伊市市长佩德罗·埃德蒙兹·帕尔（Pedro Edmunds Paoa）说，野火的高温加速了石像风化的速度，最终可能使其变成沙子。他补充道，这次破坏是“不可修复，也无法估量的”。

重点词汇：

1.tribe

英[traɪb]

美[traɪb]

n.部落; (尤指同一职业的)一伙(人)，一帮(人)，一类(人); (动物或植物的)群，族; 大群，大帮，大批（人）;

2.seafarer

英[ˈsiːfeərə(r)]

美[ˈsiːferər]

n.水手; 海员;

3.erect

英[ɪˈrekt]

美[ɪˈrekt]

adj.垂直的; 竖直的; 直立的; 坚挺的;

vt.建立; 建造; 竖立; 搭起; 创立; 设立;