拓展模块Unit 9 课文1 只读版
Health Care and Epidemics卫生保健与流行病
1 Everyone suffers from disease at one time or another. However, millions of people around the world do not have good health care.Sometimes they have no money to pay for medical treatment.Sometimes they have money, but there is no doctor or there is no treatment available.When these conditions are present in large population centers, outbreaks of infectious disease may occur.Such outbreaks are called epidemics.
2 Epidemics can reshape history, affect the course of military events,and change the balance of power among different groups of people.Among the most widely known of all epidemics was the Black Death.It was an epidemic that broke out in Europe in 1347.By 1351, about 25 to 50 percent of the people in Europe had died from the disease.The black death destroyed once prosperous cities, left villages vacant and caused great disasters.
3 People are very afraid of epidemic diseases.Because of their fear, people in power have been known to be cruel to victims of diseases.Sometimes bosses fire them from their jobs,landlords throw them out of their apartments, and drivers refused to offer them transportation services.During a plague a few hundred years ago,people covered the doors and windows of victims' homes and left them to die inside, all in an effort to prevent themselves from getting sick.
4 A non-fatal disease that causes frequent,worldwide epidemics is influenza,or flu for short.The symptoms of influenza include headaches and sometimes running noses.About half of all flu patients have a high body temperature,called a fever.Influenza can be a serious disease for pregnant women, people over sixty-five, and people already suffering from other medical conditions, such as heart disease.
5 Sometimes medicine relieves flu symptoms.It helps the person cough less, makes headaches less intense, and stops noses from running for a while.However, medicine cannot cure the disease.Now, there is still no cure for many diseases, and no medicine to prevent them.
6 Some diseases can be prevented by vaccination.A liquid vaccine is injected into the arm or is taken by mouth.Then the person becomes immune to that disease. Other diseases can be prevented by good health habits,such as drinking only clean water and washing hands.
7 Disease prevention costs much less than disease treatment.Although it seems completely illogical, some countries spend much more health care money for treatment of diseases than for programs to prevent them in the first place.So,it is high time that the government took measures to provide preventive health care for all its people.
拓展模块Unit 9 课文1 译文卫生保健与流行病
1每个人都会不时地遭受疾病的痛苦。然而，世界上数百万人没有得到良好的卫生保健。有时是他们没钱支付医疗费用。有时他们有钱，当地却没有医生或没有医疗设施。当这些情况出现在大的人口中心时，传染性疾病的爆发就可能出现。这种爆发就叫做流行病。流行病会重塑历史，影响军事事件的进程，并且改变不同人群的力量平衡。最广为人知的流行病是黑死病。它是1347年在欧洲爆发的流行病。
2到1351年,大约有25%〜50%的欧洲人死于该流行病。黑死病摧毁了曾一度繁荣的城市，留下了无人的荒村，并造成了巨大的灾难。
3人们非常害怕流行病。由于有权力的人害怕流行病，他们会残酷对待疾病的受害者。有时老板会解雇他们，房东会把他们赶出住所，司机会拒绝为他们提供交通服务。在数百年前的一次瘟疫中，人们封住受害者的门窗,让他们死在里面，所有这些做法都是为了不使自己得病。
4 一种不会致命的、可是频频在世界上发生的流行病是流行性感冒，简称为流感。流感的症状包括头疼和有时会流鼻涕。大约半数的流感患者体温会升高，称之为发烧。流感对于怀孕的妇女、六十五岁以上的人和正在遭受其他疾病如心脏病的患者是危险的。
5 有时药物可以减轻流感的症状，它在一段时间内帮助病人减少咳嗽，使头痛减轻，并且止住流鼻涕。然而，药物无法治疗这种疾病。现在，许多疾病仍然无法治疗，也无药物可以预防。
6 有的疾病可以通过疫苗预防。液体疫苗被注射进手臂或口服。这样，人对那种疾病就可以免疫。另外一些疾病可以通过良好的健康习惯得到预防，例如，只喝清洁的水和经常洗手。
7 疾病预防比疾病治疗所花的代价少得多。尽管听起来完全不合逻辑，有些国家花费在治疗疾病方面的钱远高于在一开始的预防。所以，现在该是政府部门采取措施向全体人民提供预防性医疗保健的时候了。
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