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102 countries, seven continents, 10 million miles of road.
102个国家，七大洲，1000万英里的道路。
In 15 years, Google Street View has circled the planet 400 times.
15年间，谷歌街景已经绕地球400圈了。
Here you can see where we've mounted the Street View car onto a three-wheel tricycle.
可以看到我们将街景车安装在一辆三轮车上。
Here it's been mounted to a snowmobile.
在这里它被安装在一辆雪地车上。
One of our earliest trackers.
这是我们最早的追踪器之一。
A trolley through museums. Places that we expect that are to be a lot of change, we try to drive those areas more frequently.
穿过博物馆的手推车。放在道路预计会有很多变化的地方，我们试图多扫几遍这些地区。
There are other areas of the world where we still have to go back and refresh that imagery again.
世界上还有我们要回去重新探测的一些地区，我们要再次更新这些图像。
Let's walk through 15 years of gadgets and gear to understand the tools Google Street View uses to map the world.
让我们来看看15年来，谷歌街景用来绘制世界地图的各种工具。
Maps are fundamentally about where things are.
地图本质上讲的是事物的位置。
Think about a satellite map, or even the map that you draw on a napkin for your friend.
卫星地图，甚至是你为朋友在餐巾纸上画的地图。
You're talking about where things are and where they are in relation to each other.
讲的都是事物的位置，以及它们彼此之间的关系。
And in that sense, Street View was different.
从这个意义上说，街景与地图不同。
It promised an immersive on-the-ground experience of far-flung locals.
它可以为远方的人提供身临其境的实地体验。
Street View was the brainchild of Google co-founder, Larry Page.
街景图是谷歌联合创始人Larry Page的创意之作。
He had what was a pretty crazy idea at the time that you should enable people to explore the world right from their computers.
他有一个在当时看来相当疯狂的想法，就是让人们能从他们的电脑上探索世界。
He actually collected the first Street View imagery.
他收集了第一张街景图像。
He used a camcorder and drove around the streets around the Google office and brought this back for the engineers to play with.
他用一台摄像机在谷歌办公室周围的街道上开车，并把这个带回来给工程师研究。
And the engineers built a custom prototype camera system that had multiple camera units and multiple laser scanners.
工程师们建立了一个定制的原型相机系统，其中有多个相机单元和多个激光扫描仪。
The whole thing weighed 500 pounds.
整个东西重达500磅。
The team used this to collect imagery around the Bay Area.
该团队用它来收集湾区周围的街景。
The very first version, which had a small four-megapixel camera, it just took pictures and we had to figure out exactly where these pictures were taken using a GPS unit that followed along with the car.
最早的街景采集工具有一个400万像素的小相机，只负责拍照，我们必须用一个跟随汽车的GPS装置，找出这些照片的确切拍摄地点。
The idea was how can we stitch this together into a seamless experience that can let people explore the world.
我们的想法是将这些照片无缝衔接起来，让人们可以通过街景地图探索世界。
The lights turned on for Street View in May of 2007.
2007年5月，谷歌街景地图上线了。
That was when we had the first consumer-facing release with five Street View cities worth of imagery collected.
这是我们第一次面向消费者公开谷歌街景地图，我们手机了五个城市的街景图像。
San Francisco, New York, Las Vegas, Miami, and Denver were the first, but the project expanded, covering more countries and thousands of miles of streets, all using pretty much the same underlying process.
旧金山、纽约、拉斯维加斯、迈阿密和丹佛是第一批城市，不过后来项目扩大了，覆盖了更多国家和数千英里的街道，所有这些几乎都使用了相同的基本流程。
At the most basic level, it's all about collecting imagery of the world and processing this into one seamless model.
基本上就是收集世界的图像并井将其无缝衔接。
A Street View car starts as a regular car that you could buy.
街景车一开始是一辆人人都买得起的普通汽车。
We mount a custom roof rack onto the top and then the camera gets mounted on a mast that can be raised and lowered.
我们在车顶上安装了一个定制的车顶架，然后将摄像头安装在一个可以升降的桅杆上。
The Street View camera has seven lenses and it takes full 360-degree panoramic shot a couple times a second, so you'd be able to traverse the length of a road from picture to picture to picture, using a technique called photogrammetry, which is a really old technique, actually from the 1800s.
街景相机有七个镜头，几秒钟就能拍下360度的全景照片，然后使用一种叫做摄影测量的技术，可以通过一张张照片计算出道路的长度，这是一种非常古老的技术，是从19世纪开始的。
You can take measurements from photos and you can basically figure out where objects are, how big they are, how far apart they are.
你可以从照片上进行测量，找出物体位置，它们有多大，它们之间有多远。
There's a cable that comes off the camera system and goes into the backseat where it connects to the processing system and the hard drives for storing all of the imagery data.
从摄像系统上连下来一根电线，进入后座连接到用于存储所有的图像数据的处理系统和硬盘。
In the back, there were boxes of CPUs and hard drives in them that would collect all of the data.
车后备箱里有几箱CPU和硬盘，所有的数据都收集在里面。
This typically took up a big portion of the backseat of the car and it's getting stored on, basically, on the hard disk.
这通常占据了汽车后座的很大一部分，数据主要储存在硬盘上。
This information is sent in batch and then it's fed into our imagery processing pipelines.
这些信息批量发送出去，然后传入我们的图像处理管道。
The cameras themselves have gotten much better.
摄像机本身升级了很多。
Not only have they gotten higher resolution, going from 4.8 megapixels to a 45-megapixel camera, 75, up to 140 megapixels.
不仅分辨率更高了，从480万像素到4500万像素，到7500万像素，再到1.4亿像素。
Their responsiveness in low light is much better.
他们在低光下的反应能力要好得多。
Apart from improvements in the cameras, the game-changing tech to the Street View system was the addition of LIDAR scanners, first in 2008 and updated in 2013.
除了相机的改进，激光雷达扫描仪的加入该百年了街景系统游戏规则，第一次是在2008年，并在2013年进行了更新。
The LIDAR works with, you know, millimeter accuracy.
激光雷达的工作原理是毫米级的精度。
They're laser radars.
它们是激光雷达。
They have invisible laser beams that shoot out and map the world in 3D, as the car moves down the street.
它们有不可见的激光束，当汽车在街上行驶时，会射出激光束并绘制出三维世界。
So it helps us measure where the curbs are, or even where there are lines of paint in the middle of the road.
因此，它可以帮助我们测量路边的位置，甚至是道路中间的油漆线的位置。
All this information comes back and helps us build this very precise, highly detailed 3D reconstruction of the world.
所有这些信息都会收集回来，帮助我们建立一个非常精确、高度详细的三维版世界。
Every route is planned in advance.
每条路线都是事先计划好的。
This is actually important from a privacy perspective.
从保护隐私的角度来看，这很重要的。
We try to standardize our Google Street View hardware as much as possible, but sometimes there are local quirks that mean we have to introduce something a little bit different.
我们尽可能地将谷歌街景的采集硬件标准化，但有时会有一些地方性特色，这意味着我们必须引入一些不同的设备。
This is our main car that we use in North America and the mast on top of the car is pretty tall.
这是我们在北美主要使用的汽车，汽车顶部的桅杆很高。
This is so the camera can see over-parked cars that might be on the side of the street.
这是为了让相机能够越过可能停在街边的汽车，看到街景状况。
When we first took this car to Japan, we ran into a problem.
当我们第一次把这辆车带到日本时，我们遇到了一个问题。
The streets are very narrow and oftentimes, people put up fences in front of their yard so that their yard won't be visible from the street and we discovered that the Street View camera was actually seeing over these fences into people's yards.
日本街道非常狭窄，而且经常有人在院子前竖起围栏，这样从街上就看不到他们的院子，我们发现街景相机实可以越过这些围栏看到别人家的院子。
So we came up with a custom rig for the Japan market and you can see that this car has a much lower mast.
因为，我们做出了一个针对日本市场的定制装备，可以看到这辆车的桅杆更低。
Another milestone expansion of the program was tracker gear, which took image-gathering off-road in 2012.
另一个里程碑式的发展是跟踪器设备，它在 2012 年让图像采集不限于道路街景。
We realized that there were so many important places on earth where you simply couldn't drive a car.
我们意识到地球上有很多重要的地方，根本无法驾驶汽车。
Even in a city, there are narrow alleys, there are pedestrian walking pads.
即使在一个城市里，也有狭窄的小巷，有步行区。
We'd like to take you inside transit stations, or maybe even inside a museum, or out into the wilderness, to the top of Machupicchu, and the top of Mont Blanc, down into the Amazon rainforests, and underwater by the Great Barrier Reef, or up in the International Space Station.
我们想把带你带到中转站里面，甚至可能是博物馆里面，或者到野外去，到马丘比丘的山顶，和勃朗峰的山顶，下到亚马逊雨林，大堡礁的水下，或者在国际空间站上。
The Street View tracker is basically a Street View camera system that's attached to a backpack.
街景追踪器上是一个装在背包上的街景摄像系统。
Here you can see the camera unit on top with the lenses.
上面是相机单元和镜头。
Here you can see a GPS unit and these are our laser scanners.
有GPS 设备，这些是我们的激光扫描仪。
This is the processing unit.
这是处理单元。
And what you see on the back here is a big heat sink because it takes a lot of processing to handle all this imagery and the unit can get hot.
后面是一个大散热器，因为处理所有这些图像需要大量运算，这个装置会发热。
You actually put this on, wearing the straps.
戴上这个，穿上带子。
It's relatively comfortable to wear.
佩戴起来比较舒适。
But, you know, it's not the lightest thing, weighing in at about 35 pounds.
但是，它并不轻，大概有35 磅重。
You can just walk naturally and it will automatically snap photos as you're walking down the path.
您可以自然行走，当你走在路上，它会自动抓拍照片。
You can be tipping from side to side and you don't want the pictures to come out blurry.
你可以从一边翻到另一边，但我们不希望拍出模糊的照片。
So we use a lot of smart software algorithms. The typical trucker outing takes a few hours, unless it's a hike down into the Grand Canyon.
所以我们使用了很多智能软件算法。一般卡车司机出游需要几个小时，除非是徒步进入大峡谷。
That'll take a tracker 10 days.
这将需要走 10 天。
Google collects this imagery themselves through staff trackers, through a network of third-party contractors, or by tapping a community of contributors who use their own 360 cameras.
谷歌通过工作人员走访、通过第三方承包商的网络或通过发展街景采集志愿者，他们用自己的360相机收集照片。
My favorite story about the Street View tracker is about the Faroe Islands.
我最喜欢的关于街景追踪器的故事是关于法罗群岛的。
Some enterprising folks who live there, they wanted the Faroe Islands to be on Street View as well.
住在那里的一些积极分子，他们希望法罗群岛也能出现在街景地图上。
We actually sent them the Street View equipment and they used sheep to carry the Street View camera around Sheep view.
我们给他们送去了街景设备，他们把街景相机放在羊身上，我们得到了羊群视角下的世界。
One thing that we tried was putting high-definition cameras that were facing to the sides, so we could read small print that was on the store fronts of businesses.
我们还尝试将高清摄像头朝向两侧，这样我们就可以看清商家店面上的小字。
Think about opening hours that are on the door of a business, that it's really hard to see from the street.
比如街上的商家门上的营业时间，这真的很难看清楚。
This side profile camera configuration was paired with machine learning and image recognition software, which was already in Google's wheelhouse.
这种侧面摄像头配置搭配机器学习和图像识别软件，这就是谷歌的强项了。
The engineers who first worked on this project had actually been working on the Google Books search project.
最初参与该项目的工程师一直在从事谷歌图书搜索项目。
They were experts in processing imagery and the book search project was trying to digitize all the world's books in libraries.
他们是处理图像的专家，而图书搜索项目正试图将世界上所有图书馆中的图书数字化。
So these people knew how to work with imagery.
这些人知道如何处理图像。
And at first, we had humans looking at this imagery, combined with thousands of other data sources in order to build the roads and the business listings that you see on Google Maps.
起初，我们让人看这些图像，结合成千上万的其他数据源以建立你在谷歌地图上看到的道路和商业列表。
But the world is a really big place, so it wasn't too long before we started introducing machine learning to look at the images and automatically extract information.
但是世界真的很大，所以没过多久我们就开始引入机器学习来观察图像并自动提取信息。
Blurring and privacy protection has been built in pretty much from the start.
图像模糊处理和隐私保护是我们一开始就做好的事。
This is a process that's fully automatic.
这是一个完全自动化的过程。
All of the people's faces, all the license plates, these are blurred through automatic algorithms because, otherwise, the scale of processing this with humans would just be too great.
所有的人脸、车牌，这些都通过自动算法模糊处理掉了，要不然用人工来处理这个问题，工作量就太大了。
Recently, Google unveiled for us the latest camera, set to roll out on Street View cars over the next year.
最近，谷歌向大众展示了将在明年推出街景车上的最新摄像头。
Our current generation cameras, they're designed for specific models of car that need to have a custom roof rack.
我们目前这一代的摄像头是为需要有定制车顶架的特定车型而设计的。
With this, we can send it around the world.
有了这个，我们可以将它送到世界各地。
It has handles to make it easy to pick up.
它有把手，易于拿起。
The whole thing weighs less than 15 pounds.
整个东西的重量不到15磅。
And one of the key things about this is it can be mounted on top of any vehicle at all.
而且这东西的关键之一在于它完全可以安装在任何车辆的顶部。
We can give it to a third party and they can put it on any car that has a roof rack.
我们可以把它交给第三方，他们可以把它放在任何有车顶架的汽车上。
There are seven lenses arranged around the outside and one that's pointing upwards from the top.
有七个镜头排列在外面，还有一个从顶部指向上方。
As the camera moves down the street, or on top of a backpack, it takes a full 360-degree panorama.
当相机在街道上移动时，或在背包上面移动时，它可以拍摄一个完整的 360 度全景图。
These are heat sinks.
这些是散热片。
We've taken all of the processing power that used to take up the entire backseat of a car and we've shrunk it down and we've stuck it inside the camera unit, so this is all you need in order to go collect Street View imagery.
我们把过去占据整个汽车后座的处理器缩小了，并把它塞进了相机单元，这就是收集街道图像所需要的东西。
Google is innovating on the software side, too, with Immersive View.
谷歌在软件方面也在进行创新，推出了沉浸式视图。
We launched Immersive View, which is all of the billions of Street View images and aerial photos.
我们推出了沉浸式视图，里面有数十亿张的街景图像和航拍照片。
Let's say, you're planning a trip to London.
比方说，你正在计划去伦敦旅行。
We can take you to Westminster and you can see where's Big Ben, and where's the London Eye, and where are they in relation to each other.
我们可以带你到威斯敏斯特，你可以看到大本钟在哪里，伦敦眼在哪里，以及它们的相对地理位置。
We can then overlay additional information on top of this model of the world.
然后我们可以在这个世界模型的基础上叠加其他信息。
If you wanna see what it looks like with the sun coming from one direction or the sun coming from another direction, using all of this imagery that we've collected, we can actually put these experiences into what we've collected from Street View.
如果你想看看太阳来自一个方向或照过来是什么样子，或者太阳从另一个方向照过来是什么样子，利用我们收集的所有这些图像，我们实际上可以把这些体验放到我们从街景中收集到的图像中。
And when you're ready to choose a restaurant, we can fly you down to street level and show you real-time busyness and these future, rich, immersive experiences, this is what Street View will be empowering.
当你准备选择一家餐厅时，我们可以让你飞到街道上，向您展示实时街景的繁华程度以及未来身临其境的体验，这就是街景将能做到的事情。
And hopefully it's helped people learn more about places around the world, about other people's communities, and about their fellow citizens.
希望它能帮助人们更多地了解世界各地，了解别人的生活环境，了解他们的人类同胞。
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