1月18日午间英语新闻：“贾玲瘦100斤”霸屏热搜！医生提醒

Bottled water contains thousands of nanoplastics that can invade cells

研究：每升瓶装水含有数十万个纳米塑料 可入侵人体细胞

In a trailblazing new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated — nanoparticles so infinitesimally tiny they cannot be seen under a microscope.

At 1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so teeny they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful synthetic chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say.
专家指出，这种纳米塑料的体积是人类头发平均直径的千分之一，可以通过消化道或肺部进入血管，导致可能有害的人工合成化学物质散布周身并进入细胞。

One liter of water — the equivalent of two standard-size bottled waters — contained an average of 240,000 plastic particles from seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study.
新研究发现，每升瓶装水（相当于两瓶标准瓶装水）平均含有24万个塑料颗粒物，这些颗粒物来自7种不同塑料物质，90%的塑料颗粒物被认定为纳米塑料，其他是塑料微粒。

Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inches (5 millimeters) down to 1/25,000th of an inch (1 micrometer). Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter.
塑料微粒是直径小于5毫米的微小聚合物，最小的塑料微粒直径是2.5万分之一英寸（1微米）。比最小的塑料微粒还小的则是用十亿分之一米来测量的纳米塑料。

In the new study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water.
这项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》的新研究指出，哥伦比亚大学的研究人员采用了一种新技术，可以确定、计算和分析瓶装水中纳米颗粒的化学结构。

Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the US to be between 110,000 and 370,000, if not higher. (The authors declined to mention which brands of bottled water they studied.)
这项新研究背后的团队发现，每升瓶装水所含的塑料颗粒物不是300个，而是11万到37万个，甚至更多。研究所用的瓶装水来自在美国销售的三个大众品牌，但作者不愿透露是哪些品牌。

The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health, said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures, an alliance of nonprofits committed to reducing babies’ exposures to neurotoxic chemicals, who was not involved in the study.
致力于减少婴儿与神经毒性化学物质的接触的非盈利联盟组织“健康婴儿光明未来”的研究主管简·霍利亨表示，这项研究提出的创新技术为进一步研究打开了大门，有助于更好地了解塑料对人类健康的潜在风险。霍利亨没有参与这项研究。

“Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures.” said Houlihan in an email.
霍利亨在电邮中写道：“婴幼儿可能面临最大风险，因为他们的大脑和身体还在发育中，对有毒物质的抵抗力往往更低。”

Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say. That’s because the minuscule particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, flame retardants, per- and polyfluorinated substances, or PFAS, and heavy metals.
专家指出，纳米塑料是对人类健康最有害的塑料污染源。这是因为纳米塑料可以入侵人体细胞和主要器官组织，可能会干扰细胞的生物过程，在体内积淀打乱内分泌的化学物质，比如双酚类、邻苯二甲酸盐、阻燃剂、全氟或多氟化物、全氟烷基磺酸盐、重金属等。

There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan.
霍利亨指出，人们可以采取一些行动来减少与塑料的接触。

"We can avoid consuming foods and beverages in plastic containers. We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials,” Houlihan said. “We can simply take stock of the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever feasible.”
霍利亨表示：“我们可以避免摄入放在塑料容器中的食品和饮料。我们可以穿着用天然面料制作的衣服，购买用天然材质生产的消费品。我们可以仔细审视日常生活中的塑料制品，并在可行的情况下寻找替代品。”

重点词汇：
1.nanoplastic
n.纳米塑料

2.trailblaze
英/ˈtreɪlˌbleɪz/
vt.开路；开拓
vi.做开拓者

3.nanoparticle
英/ˈnænəʊpɑːtɪkl/
美/ˈnænoʊpɑːrtɪkl/
n.纳米颗粒；毫微粒

4.infinitesimally
英/ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməli/
美/ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪməli/
adv.极小地

5.synthetic
英/sɪnˈθetɪk/
美/sɪnˈθetɪk/
adj.合成的，人造的；（感情，行动）不诚恳的，虚假的；（语言）综合型的；（命题）综合的
n.合成物，合成纤维（织物）

6.neurotoxic
英/ˌnjʊərəʊˈtɒksɪk/
美/ˌnjʊroʊˈtɑːksɪk/
adj.毒害神经的

7.minuscule
英/ˈmɪnəskjuːl/
美/ˈmɪnəskjuːl/
adj.极小的；（字母）小写；微不足道的（非正式）
n.小写字体；小写字母

8.endocrine
英/ˈendəʊkrɪn/
美/ˈendəkrɪn/
adj.内分泌（腺）的
n.内分泌；内分泌腺；内分泌物；激素

9.bisphenol
英/ˈbɪsfɪnɒl/
美/ˈbɪsfiːnɔːl/
n.[有化] 双酚；丙二酚

10.phthalate
英/ˈθælɪt/
美/ˈθæleɪt/
n.邻苯二甲酸酯；邻苯二甲酸盐；酞酸酯；[有化] 酞酸盐

11.retardant
英/rɪˈtɑːd(ə)nt/
美/rɪˈtɑrdənt/
n.[化学] 阻滞剂；抑止剂
adj.延缓的

12.fluorinate
英/ˈflʊərɪneɪt/
美/ˈflʊərɪneɪt/
v.氟化，使与氟素化合

13.polyfluorinated
多氟化物的

14.PFAS
全氟烷基磺酸盐

15.beverage
英/ˈbevərɪdʒ/
美/ˈbevərɪdʒ/
n.饮料

16.feasible
英/ˈfiːzəb(ə)l/
美/ˈfiːzəb(ə)l/
adj.可行的，办得到的；很可能会发生的

Doctors issue caution over rapid weight loss
“贾玲瘦100斤”霸屏热搜！医生提醒……

An increasing number of inquiries about rapid weight loss are being fielded by local medics after famous comedian and actress Jia Ling stated she has lost 50 kilograms in a year for a film role. It has even become one of the top searches and hot topics online. However, doctors warn that such a rapid loss of weight is not healthy, and has potential risks.
著名喜剧演员贾玲表示，为了出演一个电影角色，她在一年内瘦了50公斤，当地医务人员收到与其有关快速减肥的询问越来越多。这甚至已经成为网上最热门的搜索和热门话题之一。然而，医生警告说，如此快速的减肥是不健康的，而且有潜在的风险。

It is possible to lose 50 kilograms in a little over a year, which is equivalent to losing less than 5 kilograms per month, said Chen Qiuxia, deputy chief nutritionist at the Nutrition Department of Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang province. Chen said for health and safety concerns, a weight loss of 50 kilograms should take at least 6 months. If one aims to lose this much weight in a shorter period, the body might protest. But it is vital to undergo this process under the comprehensive support of professional nutritionists and fitness trainers.
浙江中医药大学附属第二医院（浙江省新华医院）营养科副主任营养师陈秋霞提道，在一年多一点的时间里减掉50公斤是有可能的，这相当于每个月减掉不到5公斤。但从健康安全的角度看，体重减轻50公斤持续时间起码6个月以上。如果想在更短时间内减这么多体重，机体或许就抗议了。必须在专业的营养师和健身教练团队综合保障下进行。

Dr Qu Shen, from SinoUnited Health and director of the Shanghai thyroid disease research center, said such promotion may mislead the public. "Weight loss is a treatment targeting obesity," Qu said. "It is a process, which should be in line with scientific and medical rules.  Promotion focusing on a famous star's quick weight loss can have negative effects on the public."
上海市甲状腺疾病研究中心执行主任曲伸博士表示，这样的宣传可能会误导公众。“减肥是一种针对肥胖的治疗方法，” 曲伸博士说，“这是一个过程，应该符合科学和医学规则。关注明星快速减肥的宣传可能会对公众造成负面影响。”

According to experts, obesity is a chronic metabolic disease, which is closely related with many factors such as genetics, the environment and life habits. Intervention is a comprehensive measure, and weight loss should be gradual.
据专家介绍，肥胖是一种慢性代谢性疾病，与遗传、环境、生活习惯等诸多因素密切相关。干预是综合措施，减肥应循序渐进。

"Quick weight loss can result in many complications like organ injury, female period disorder and psychological problems," he said.
他说:“快速减肥会导致许多并发症，比如器官损伤、女性经期紊乱和心理问题。”

"We usually suggest the healthy weight loss speed should be 2 to 5 percent of total weight each month, and 10 to 25 percent within one year. Under strict supervision and management, the best outcome can be 20 to 30 kilograms a year. Surgery can help people lose 50 kilograms within one year. But such surgery has strict clinical criteria for recipients, and is not suitable for all.
“我们通常建议，健康的减肥速度应该是每月减重2%到5%，一年内减重10%到25%。在严格的监督和管理下，最好的结果是每年减重20到30公斤。手术可以帮助人们在一年内减掉50公斤。但这种手术对受术者有严格的临床标准，并不适合所有人。

"There are also various weight-loss products on the market. I have encountered patients suffering problems of the thyroid, female periods and heart issues after using such products blindly.
“市场上还有各种减肥产品。我曾遇到过盲目服用此类产品后出现甲状腺、女性月经和心脏问题的患者。

"Scientific weight loss should be conducted under a doctor's instruction with prescriptions on nutrition, sports, medication and even surgery. Too quick a weight loss is definitely risky. Obesity is a disease and weight loss is a treatment, not a cosmetic method.
"It is wrong to follow celebrities, because only reasonable and scientific weight loss is safe and healthy," he added.
“科学的减肥应该在医生的指导下进行，包括营养、运动、药物甚至手术。过快减肥肯定是有风险的。肥胖是一种疾病，减肥是一种治疗方法，而不是一种美容方法。他补充说:“追随名人（减肥）是错误的，因为只有合理、科学的减肥才是安全、健康的。”

重点词汇：
1.medic
英/ˈmedɪk/
美/ˈmedɪk/
n.医师；医科学生；苜蓿属植物（等于 medick）

2.nutritionist
英/njuˈtrɪʃənɪst/
美/nuˈtrɪʃənɪst/
n.营养学家，营养工作者

3.thyroid 
英/ˈθaɪrɔɪd/
美/ˈθaɪrɔɪd/
n.甲状腺；甲状软骨；甲状腺剂
adj.甲状腺的；盾状的

4.obesity
英/əʊˈbiːsəti/
美/oʊˈbiːsəti/
n.过度肥胖，肥胖症

5.metabolic
英/ˌmetəˈbɒlɪk/
美/ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk/
adj.新陈代谢的