声音简介
Have you ever noticed how time passes slowly when you're bored, but goes quickly when you're having fun? Is this just an illusion or can time really speed up and slow down?
It depends on what time is.
If time is part of the universe outside you, then it can't speed up and slow down to match what you're doing. But if time is inside of us-the same way pain is inside us-then it can change. After all, the same injury can cause different kinds of pain for differ- ent people.
Is time outside or inside? Philosophers are split on this question.
According to the seventeenth-century English philosopher ISAAC NEWTON, time is outside of us. He saw time as an unchanging container for continuous moments. Even if all the clocks in the world stop working, time itself will always move forward at a steady pace. This idea led Newton to discover the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
The nineteenth-century German philosopher
EDMUND HUSSERL rejected Newton's outside view of time. He argued that time is inside us. For Husserl, time is a constantly changing “now." Consider a melody. If time were an unchanging container for moments like Newton said, it could explain each separated note, but not the continued notes that make music.
The twentieth-century French philosopher JACQUES DERRIDA agreed with Husserl that time is internal, but disagreed that it is a now. The present moment looks backward and looks forward at the same time. The past and the future crowd into the now, so it is impossible to describe or identify " now" as an experience.
Both Husserl and Derrida were inspired by the fourth-century Roman philosopher AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO. In one of the most famous writings in the history of philosophy, Augustine wonders about the nature of time: If there are times past and future, I want to know where they are. But if I don't find them, I still know, wher- ever they are, they aren't there as future or past, but as present. For if they're future in the future, then they aren't really there yet. And if they're past in the past, then they're no longer there.Therefore, wherever they are, whatever they are, they're present…They've formed in the mind like footprints in their passage through the senses.
The twentieth-century English theoretical physicist STEPEEN HAWKING argued that time came into existence with the Big Bang, or the beginning of the universe. He also believed that time travel could be pos- sible. He decided to test this possibility. He threw a party for people from the future. Because they would be traveling backward in time, he sent out invita- tions after the party took place! Unfortunately, no one showed up. He took this as a sign that time travel is probably not possible. But could there be other explanations for why they didn't come?
THINK ON IT!
Suppose you could travel back in time to when your grand- father was a kid like you. When you explain to him who you are, he's so shocked that he has a heart attack and dies. Now things get weird. Your grandfather will never meet your grandmother. Your mother will never be born. If your mother was never born, she couldn't give birth to you. You don't exist! But if you never exist, then how did your grandfather die?
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