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前情回顾 Review

5000 years ago, people learned how to write by painting some symbols on the stone. For those can not write, they use sagas/legends to inherit history.

但是sagas不靠谱的地方是什么呢？

原文1： But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten.

语言点：

1. First people = ancient people

2. So... that...太...以至于

3. 插入语：if they had any

原文2： So archaeologist have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first “modern men” came from.

语言点：

1. Have neither A nor B= do not have A and B

仿写：He has neither wealth nor intelligence to get her.

I have neither sufficient materials nor a professional team to help me to outcompete my rivals.

内容点：考古和盗墓不是一回事！！！

archaeology & tomb-raiding

1. Tomb-raiding: money-oriented and self-centered

历史小故事分享：西晋太康元年，有一个汲郡盗墓贼，当时他瞄准了战国时期的一座王陵“魏襄王的陵墓”。他进入墓中，火把燃尽之后，就点燃了墓道里堆积的竹简来照明，而且他还专门挑选最整的竹简焚烧。自己借着火，拿了他觉得值钱的宝物就逃之夭夭了。可是被他破坏的竹简，正是后来被史学家们拼命抢救和整理，轰动了整个史学界的《竹书纪年》。

2. Archaeology: expertise and selflessness

*provide irrefutable testimony to the trace of a nation.

历史分享: In the late Qing Dynasty, foreign historians did not believe in the existence of Shang Dynasty and asserted that China could not be one of the origins of human civilization. 他们最终如何服软了？不是我们国力日强迫于压力，而是考古学家的发现。是他们陆续发现了龟甲上的甲骨文、商代的青铜器、周朝早期的都城遗址。这种工作的价值和震撼常年隐居幕后，不被我们认知。今年的一档综艺National Treasure《国家宝藏》expose them to the public,相信很多人和我一样，数度因为震撼而落泪吧。

回到文章中，那么考古学家靠什么发现古文明呢？

原文3： Fortunately, however, ancient menmade tools ofstone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these haverotted away.

语言点：

1. However：位置不一定总在第一个词

2. Make A Of B：用B做成A

3. shape动词用法：

塑造 shape one’s belief, opinion, value

shape up

进展发展：sth. is shaping up nicely...进展顺利

改进行为/工作：Your kids had better shape up.

4. Rot腐蚀

Sth. rot away腐烂

Candy will rot your teeth.

I hope the people who kidnapped children rot in hell/jail.

内容点：

1. Flint: a type of smooth hard stone that makes a small flame when you hit it with steel打火石，燧石(The Age of Stone)

原文4： Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained wheneven the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

语言点：

1. decay&rot区别

  形容食物用rot：rotting vegetables

  建筑物的衰败：urban decay城市衰败

  抽象类（观念、信仰、社会制度、政治制度等的〕衰退，没落moral decay

2. when此处理解成though

3. disappear without trace消失得无影无踪/荡然无存

trace动词化：

* trace sb. 发现；寻找

Eg. Trace the missing child; trace the criminal at large

* trace sth. 探寻...的发展

Eg. This book traces the changing of female’s social status.

我听过的最感人的保留历史的故事：

*口口相传的感人故事拓展推荐：《华氏451》Fahrenhenit 451---这个摄氏度，是书的燃点。the responsibility of the firefighters is to burn books.

Book keepers: reserve human intelligence, they hide books secretly and recite books by person.

语料Review：

1. Vocabulary 听写训练

preserve,recount, saga, migration,immigrate, emigrate, anthropologist, archaeologist, rot, decay, trace,scar, ancestor, forefather, descendant, offspring, legend

2. Expressions:短语抽查

某物代代相传：sth. handed down from one generation to another

不得好死，天打雷劈：rot in hell

荡然无存：disappear without trace

推进发展：shape up

道德沦丧：moral decay