播音&编辑&后期：周楚涵
Hello everyone,welcome to English Panorama.This is Jennifer.
大家好，好久不见了呀！开学也已经快有一个月了，不知道大家是不是已经从黑白颠倒的假期生活调整到学校作息时间了呢？是不是每天早上都不愿意离开自己的床？又或者每天早上都暗暗发誓：今天晚上一定要早点睡，却一不小心又熬过了12点？那么今天就来和大家聊聊睡觉这件事吧。
Imagine this:Someone walks up to you and pitches you on a brand-new,magical pill.This pill can measurably improve your memory,overall cognitive（adj.认知的） performance,ability to learn new information,receptivity to facial cues,mood,ability to handle problems,metabolism,risk for heart disease and immune system.Would you buy it?Yeah,you saw this coming:That pill exists,but not in pill form.You can have all of those benefits cost-free,and all it takes is going to bed a little bit earlier.That’s it.
想象一下：有人走过来向你推销一种神奇的新药，这种药可以显著提升你的记忆力、整体认知能力、学习能力、对面部表情的解读能力、对情绪的掌控力、处理问题的能力、新陈代谢速度，还能降低患心脏病和免疫系统疾病的风险。你会买吗？我想大部分人都会心动的吧。而事实就是，这种药真实存在，只不过不是以药片的形式罢了。你不用花费一分钱就可以获得所有这些好处，而你需要做的仅仅只是早点睡觉。
And yet!The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have called sleep deprivation a public health crisis,saying that one-third of adults don’t get enough sleep.Some 80 present of people report sleep problems at least one per week,and according to a 2016 study,sleep deprivation”causes more than$400 billion in economic losses annually in the United States and results in 1.23 million lost days of work each year.”
然而，疾病控制和预防中心将睡眠不足列为公共健康危机的一项，并表示有三分之一的成年人并没有获得足够的睡眠时间。大约80%的人每周至少有一次的睡眠问题。而根据2016年的一项调查，睡眠不足每年给美国造成了超过了4000亿的经济损失以及123万个工作日的损失。
Here is a non-comprehensive list of the ways your sleep deprivation is personally harming you:
▪ Your overall cognitive performance - particularly your visual attention and ability to form memories - deteriorates.
▪ Your ability to learn new information is impaired,both by sleep deprivation before you learn new information and afterward.
▪ You’re less likely to correctly read facial expressions,even interpreting some expressions - even neutral ones - as threatening.
▪ You’re likely to be more cranky and react worse when presented with obstacles.
▪ Beyond your severely impaired mental abilities,your body is affected,too:A lack of adequate sleep can contribute to weight gain,puts you at a higher risk of diabetes and heart disease,and makes you far less resistant to the common cold.
All of this from just not getting enough sleep!
这里有一份关于睡眠不足是如何损害你个人健康的不完整清单：
▪你的整体认知能力——特别是你的视觉注意力和记忆力——会衰退；
▪无论是学习之前还是之后，你的学习能力都会受损；
▪你可能无法正确解读面部表情，甚至会把那些中性的当做威胁；
当然还有等等等等
（▪当遇到阻碍时，你会变得更暴躁，表现得也更差；
▪除去这些对你能力的严重影响外，你的健康状况也会受到影响：体重增加，患糖尿病和心脏病的风险增加，对感冒的抵抗力大大降低。）
这些听起来很可怕，但所有这一切都只是因为睡眠不足。
So what are we to do?
First,learn how much sleep you need.Generally,if you’re waking up tired,you’re not getting enough.The gold standard of eight hours per night might not be right for you.The only real guideline is to get as much sleep as you need to feel refreshed and energized the next day,and then do that every single night.Keeping a sleep diary can help you figure this out.
Next,figure out your body’s natural rhythm,and don’t fight your body’s natural sleep tendencies.
Last,keep a consistent sleep schedule.This can be the most important part of you overall sleep hygiene.We are all equipped with a circadian clock,which is that internal 24-hour timer that naturally tells us when to sleep,and the best way to getting rest and feeling rested is to keep this consistent.Fall asleep and wake up at the same time every day(including weekends),and try to build as much regularity into your schedule as possible.
所以，我们要怎么办呢？这里有一些帮助你获得更好的睡眠的方法。首先，了解自己需要的睡眠时间。一般来说，如果你起床时觉得很累，那你就没有睡够。黄金8小时原则也不是适用于每一个人的。唯一的原则是获得的睡眠足够让自己在第二天保持精力充沛，然后坚持每晚都获得这么长的睡眠时间。坚持记录睡眠日记也 会很有帮助。接下来，弄清楚自己的自然节奏，不要对抗身体自然的睡眠倾向。如果感觉困了就赶紧放下手机睡觉吧。
最后，保持一个一致的睡眠时间表。这是最重要的一点了。我们都有生物钟，这是身体自带的24小时计时器，它会告诉我们什么时候应该要睡觉了。获得充分休息的最好方法就是保持这个生物钟。每天在同一时间入睡和醒来，并尝试让日程安排变得尽可能规律，即使在周末也要坚持下去。
Okay,Let’s focus on a piece of recent news.
A man in London has become the second known HIV-positive adult to be cleared of the virus that causes the disease AIDS.The patient's name, nationality or age is not public.He is being called "the London patient" because he was treated in the British capital.The man received a stem cell transplant three years ago.He was treated with drugs until about 18 months ago.
伦敦一名男子成为第二例已知的体内艾滋病毒被清除的成年艾滋病患者。病人的姓名、国籍和年龄都未公开，但他在英国首都伦敦接受治疗，因此他被称为“伦敦病人”。三年前他接受了干细胞移植手术。直到大约18个月前，他都在用药物进行治疗。
The giver — or donor — had a natural resistance to HIV.As a result, when the London patient received the stem cells, his immune system changed and he developed a natural resistance to HIV, too.The doctors note that the donor's natural resistance to HIV is very rare.Only about 1 percent of people who come from northern European relatives have it.The unusual situation is one reason why this way of treating HIV is not done more often.But in the case of the London patient, the treatment worked.Now, tests show he has no sign of the HIV virus in his blood.
为“伦敦患者”提供干细胞的这位捐献者对艾滋病毒有天然的抵抗力。因此，当伦敦病人接受了这些干细胞,他的免疫系统发生了变化,他也对艾滋病毒产生了抵抗力。医生们指出，捐赠者对艾滋病毒的天然抵抗力是非常罕见的。只有约1%的北欧后裔拥有这种天然抵抗力。这种罕见状况是这种艾滋病治疗手段不常用的原因之一。但对“伦敦患者”而言，这种治疗是有效的。现在,检测显示他的血液中没有艾滋病病毒存在的迹象。
A similar identification was given to the first known person cleared of HIV infection more than ten years ago, the "Berlin patient."Both men experienced a similar treatment.Experts who study AIDS say the success of the Berlin patient and the London patient is very important.The United Nations estimates that 37 million people worldwide are living with HIV.Their experiences show that scientists will one day be able to end AIDS.
十多年前，医生对首例已知的清除体内艾滋病毒的“柏林患者”给出了类似的诊断。两人的治疗过程相似。艾滋病研究专家表示，“柏林病人”和“伦敦病人”的成功治愈非常重要。据联合国估计全球有3700万人感染了艾滋病毒。这两人的经历表明,科学家终有一天能消灭艾滋病。
But experts warn that a cure has not been found.The blood treatments the Berlin and London patients had have failed in other patients.The treatments are also too dangerous, expensive and risky to do for the large number of people who already have the virus that causes AIDS.
但专家警告称，目前尚未发现治愈方法。“柏林患者”和“伦敦患者”血液治疗方法对其他患者失效了。对于大量已经感染艾滋病毒的人来说，这种治疗方法不仅太危险，也过于昂贵。
最后，我们一起来看一下一些重点词汇吧。
*pitch：
1.场地 football pitch足球场
2.推销的话 sales pitch
*cue：
暗示，提示，信号
Eg.Jon’s arrival was a cue for more champagne.乔恩一来就意味着要喝更多的香槟酒了。
*interpret：
1. 把...理解为，领会
2. 诠释，说明
3. 口译，传译
4. 演绎
Okay,that’s all for today.
今天的节目就到这里啦，愿大家都健康顺遂，平安喜乐，我们下期节目再见~
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