The manifestations of intestinal obstruction depend on the degree of obstruction and duration. With acute obstruction, the onset is usually sudden and dramatic. With chronic obstruction, the onset is often gradual. The cardinal symptoms of intestinal obstruction are pain, absolute constipation, abdominal distention, and vomiting. With mechanical obstruction, the pain is severe and colicky, in contrast with the continuous pain and silent abdomen of paralytic ileus. There is also borborygmus, audible high pitched peristalsis, and peristaltic rushes. Visible peristalsis may appear along the course of the distended intestine. Extreme restlessness and conscious awareness of intestinal movements are experienced along with weakness, perspiration, and anxiety. Should strangulation occur, the symptoms change. The character of the pain shifts from the intermittent colicky pain caused by the hyperperistaltic movements of the intestines to a severe and steady type of pain. Vomiting and fluid and electrolyte disorders occur with both types of obstruction.
Diagnosis of intestinal obstruction is usually based on history and physical findings. Abdominal X-ray studies reveal a gas-filled bowel.
Treatment depends on the type and cause of obstruction. Most cases of adynamic obstruction respond to decompression of the bowel through nasogastric suction and correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Strangulation and complete bowel obstruction require surgical intervention.
constipation 便秘
vomit 呕吐
colicky 绞痛的，急腹痛的
borborygmus 腹鸣
intermittent 间歇性的，断断续续的
hyperperistaltic 蠕动过强的
decompression 解压，减压
nasogastric 鼻胃的
suction 抽吸，吸入
iIntervention 介入，干预
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