The very act of acknowledging that they are African-American when given a test ignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype, which is negative regarding academics and that makes them do worse.
Want to know how to make a woman do worse on a math test?
Same thing, get her to write down her sex.
One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this.
When Asian-American women are given a test and they're asked to mark down their race, they do better than they would otherwise do.
They're reminded of a positive stereotype that boosts their morale.
You ask them, on the other hand, to mark down their sex, they do worse because they are reminded of a negative stereotype.
That's an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.
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