2019年6月四级听力真题（第1套）— 短文理解

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Scientists have identified thousands of known ants species around the world. And only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods, or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house. Live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to barging ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home structure, while others interfere with the electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because it provides everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter.So, how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in air-tight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible. And store your outside garbage in a lidded can, while away from doors and windows.

科学家们已经在世界各地发现了成千上万的目前已知的蚂蚁种类。其中只有少数是在人类社会里生活的虫子。大多数蚂蚁生活在森林里或大自然里。在那里，他们与其他生物共存，保持生态平衡，将植物种子带往各地，清除地面上衰败和腐烂的物质。极少数的蚂蚁种类对人类有害。但这些都是很难控制的。它们小到可以很容易地溜进你的房子。生活在几万人到几十万的群体中，并迅速繁殖。这使他们很好地进入，并难以赶走。一旦他们定居下来，这些昆虫开始影响你的家。除了工蚁，其他物种可以造成不同类型的损害。有些蚂蚁，比如木匠蚁，会破坏房屋结构，而其他蚂蚁则会干扰电气装置。不幸的是，我们的家园对蚂蚁非常有吸引力，因为它提供了蚁群生存所需的一切，比如食物、水和住所。那么，我们怎样才能防止蚂蚁进入我们的家园呢？最重要的是，避免让蚂蚁吃任何食物，尤其是含糖的食物，因为蚂蚁喜欢吃甜食。我们还需要在食物袋子出现空洞时立即进行清理，并将食物储存在气密容器中。即使垃圾也会吸引蚂蚁，所以要尽可能多地清空垃圾桶。把外面的垃圾放在有盖子的罐子里，远离门窗。

Questions 16—18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

根据刚才所听的文章回答16-18题。

Question 16 What does the passage say about ants?

问题16：关于蚂蚁，文章谈到了哪些？

Question 17 What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?

问题17：关于木匠蚁，我们能从文章中了解到哪些？

Question 18 What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?

问题18：我们能做些什么来阻止蚂蚁进入我们的家呢？

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto immune diseases. We know that as we get older, it's easier for us to get infections. So older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age. In most of our work, when we were looking at older adults who've got an illness, we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the One Thousand Elders, these volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. They come to the university to provide us with blood samples to be interviewed and to help us to carry out a whole range of research. The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we are living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at 2 years for every decade, that means an extra 5 hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they are not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. We want people to be healthy even when they are old.

我的研究重点是我们的免疫系统在随着年龄的增长会发生什么变化。免疫系统负责对抗感染。它还能保护我们免受病毒和自身免疫性疾病的侵害。我们知道，随着年龄的增长，我们更容易感染。所以老年人有更容易生病。这证明当我们变老时，我们的免疫系统确实不能很好地发挥作用。在我们的大部分工作中，当我们看到患有疾病的老年人时，我们总是必须对他们进行健康管理。因此，我们与一大群人组成的志愿者团体紧密合作，这个团体叫“千个老人”，这些志愿者都是65岁或65岁以上，但健康状况良好。他们来这所大学是为了给我们提供接受预检的血样并帮助我们进行一系列的研究。我们研究的真正影响在于关注老年人的健康。目前，我们的寿命要比过去长得多。预期寿命是每10年就增加2年，这意味着每天增加5个小时。我想确保老年人仍然能够享受他们的老年生活，并且他们不会因为感染、身体不适和普遍虚弱而在医院呆上一段时间。我们希望人们即使在年老的时候也保持健康。

Questions 19—21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据刚才所听的短文回答19-21题。

Question 19 What is the focus of the speaker's research?

问题19：这位男士研究的重点是什么？

Question 20 What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?

问题20：志愿者们在研究中被要求做什么？

Question 21 What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?

问题21：这位男士说他的研究将会产生什么影响？

When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Kilip Elementary, he didn't know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students, he noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kid would get together to play chess. "I know how to play chess, let me go and show these kids how to do it," he said. Now, Komada coaches the school's chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals of Chess. The competition only happens every four years, and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says Chess gives him and his students control. The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night. As 2 months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.

14年前，泰德·小田在基利普小学教书时，他不知道如何管理班级，很难与学生打成一片，他注意到放学后，一群孩子会聚在一起下棋，这样的场景他看到好几天了。他说：“我知道怎么下象棋，让我去教孩子们怎么下象棋，”现在，小田是学校象棋队的教练。放学后，整个项目是在对于孩子来说安全的地方开始的。本周，几十名学生正准备前往田纳西州纳什维尔，与国际象棋超级全国赛的另外约5000名年轻人同台竞争。竞赛每四年才举行一次，最后一次参赛时，他们在全国获得了第三名。小田说象棋占据了他和他学生的生活。低收入家庭的孩子在这个学校最多。警察日夜在该地区巡逻。就在两个月前，一个年轻人在街上被枪杀了。小田喜欢教他的学生，教他们在行动之前，他们应该思考下他们活动的范围。课堂之外的教训也证明很有价值。许多家长会将这些教训迁移到现实世界。学生们更有可能考虑他们的行为，看看这些行为是否会给他们带来麻烦。

Questions 22—25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据刚才所听文章回答22-25题。

Question 22 What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary?

问题22：泰德·小田在基利普小学上完一天课后，他注意到了什么？

Question 23 What are dozens of students from Komada's school going to do this week?

问题23：来自小田学校的几十名学生本周将干什么？

Question 24 What do we learn about the students of Kilip Elementary?

问题24：对于基利普小学的学生，我们能从中了解到他们哪些情况？

Question 25 What have the students learned from Komada?

问题25：学生们从小田老师身上学到了哪些？