声音简介
The problem with principal-agent, or incentives, theory is that there are powerful anomalies that it cannot explain.For example,some of the hardest-working people on the planet are employed in nonprofits and charitable organizations. Some work in the most difficult conditions imaginable---disaster recovery zones, countries gripped by famine and flood. They earn a fraction of what they would if they were in the private sector. Yet it's rare to hear of managers of nonprofits complaining about getting their staff motivated.
You might dismiss these workers as idealists. But the military attracts remarkable people, too. They commit their lives to serving their country. But they are not doing it for financial compensation. In fact, it's almost the opposite working in the military is far from the best-paid job you can take.Yet in many countries, including the United States,the military is considered a highly effective organization. And a lot of people who work in the military get a deep sense of satisfaction from their work. 检查你是否能相信一个理论给你的建议的最好方法之一是寻找异常——这个理论无法解释的东西。还记得我们关于鸟、羽毛和飞行的故事吗？如果早期的飞行员检查了他们的信念或理论无法解释的东西，他们可能会在他们对飞行的初步分析中看到一些警告信号。鸵鸟有翅膀和羽毛，但不会飞。蝙蝠有翅膀但没有羽毛，它们是伟大的飞行者。而飞松鼠既没有翅膀也没有羽毛。….他们挺过去了。
委托代理或激励理论的问题在于，它无法解释一些强大的异常现象。例如，地球上一些最努力工作的人受雇于非营利组织和慈善机构。一些人在可以想象到的最困难的条件下工作——重建灾区，遭受饥荒和洪水的国家。他们挣的钱只是他们在私营部门的收入的一小部分。然而，很少听到非营利组织的经理抱怨有关激励他们员工的事。
你可能会认为这些人是理想主义者而不予考虑。但是军队也吸引了杰出的人才。他们献身国家。这样做不是为了经济收入。事实上，几乎相反，军队工作远不是你能接受的高薪的工作。然而在许多国家，包括美国，军队被认为是一个高效的组织。很多在军队工作的人从他们的工作中获得深深的满足感。
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