Memory Loss
记忆丧失
Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia increases with age.
丧失思考和记忆能力是相当可怕的。我们知道，随着年龄增长，患痴呆症的风险就会增加。
But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry.
但如果你是一时想不起来，你很可能不需要担心。
There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
因为痴呆症的症状和与年龄相关的记忆缺失的症状有明显的区别。
After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
波士顿布列根和妇女医院的科可·达夫勒医生说，五十岁以后，人们在快速记住姓名、地点和物品方面有困难是很普通的。
The brain ages just like the rest of the body.
大脑像身体的其他部位一样会衰老。
Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning.
某些部位会萎缩，尤其是大脑中那些对学习、记忆和计划十分重要的区域。
Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.
脑细胞的变化会影响大脑不同区域之间的交流。
And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.
且随着血管变窄，血流也会减少。
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about.
例如，忘记你最喜欢的电影中的一个演员的名字并没有什么需要担心的。
But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner says.
但是，如果你忘记了电影的情节或者甚至是不记得看过这部电影，那才更加需要关注，达夫勒说。
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved."
当你忘记整个经历，他说，那就是“红色的信号旗，意味着可能存在更严重的问题。”
Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
忘记如何操作一个熟悉的物品，比如微波炉，或是忘记如何开车到一个你以前拜访过很多次的朋友家时，这也是大脑出现问题的征兆。
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic.
但是即使到了那个时候，达夫勒说，人们也不应该惊慌。
There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well asmedications like antidepressants.
有很多事情会导致混乱和记忆丢失，包括一些健康问题，比如睡眠中的呼吸暂停、高血压或抑郁症以及服用抗抑郁药物。
You don't have to figure this out on your own.
你不必自己弄清楚这些。
Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.
达夫勒建议人们去看医生，检查药物、健康问题和其他会影响记忆的问题。
And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive reserve, Daffner says.
应对记忆丢失的最好办法就是通过建立自己大脑的认知储备来努力预防。
"Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he says.
他说：“读书、看电影、培养新的兴趣或活动都可以迫使一个人用新的方式来思考。”
In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.
换言之，让你的大脑忙碌和运转起来。同样身体也要动起来，因为锻炼是著名的大脑助推器。
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