声音简介
非谓语动词
非调语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。
动词的非谓语形式分为动词不定式,动名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
非调语动词的特征,
1、如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying Englishis my favorite,学习英语是我的爱好。(studying后跟宾语)
To help him i8 my duty..帮助他是我的责任。(help后跟宾语)
2、非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或者逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition作working的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(him作不定式的逻辑主语》
3、非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept.是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain,the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(s0 en from.是分词的被动形式)》
4、非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy,我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming用作名词
there are two bg swimming poos here..这儿有两个大型游冰池。(wimming用作形容词)
(一)动词不定式
不定式通常由t0+动词原形构成,有时也可不带t0,它可以和助动词成情态动词构成调语。
1.动词不定式在句子中的作用
动词不定式在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除调语以外的其他任何成分。
(1)动词不定式作主语:
TO Tmaster a language is not an y thing,.掌报-门语言不是一件容易的事情。
Toteach English is my favorite.,教英语是我的爱好。
动词不定式作主语时可以放在句子的后面,而用儿放在原主语的位置上作形式主语。
it r'snecessaryto find the witness,有必要找到目击者。
注意:要区分or+名词代词+不定式作主语与o+名词/代词+不定式作主语所表达的意思。
It is important for you to use your time wisely.-It is important that you use your time wsy.明智地利用你的时间很重要。(说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的)
It was brave of him to dive from the cliff.-He was brave to dive from the cliff.
从悬崖上跳下去,他真勇敢。(说明不定式的动作执行者的性质或品质)
(2)动词不定式作宾语:
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide,begin,help,want,wMsh,ike,
forget,.learn,ask等。
We finally began to have dinner after the heated discussion.
经过一番激烈的争论之后,我们终于开始吃饭了。
She forgot to bring the textbook.她忘了带教材了。
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语:
We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快点过来。
(4)动词不定式作表语:
What I should do is to finish the task soon,我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately,当务之急是立即找到孩子。
(5)动词不定式作定语:
There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
(6)动词不定式作状语:
①用来表示目的、结果、原因:
We went to the hospital to see our teacher,.我们去医院看望了我们的老师。(表目的)
What have1 sidomake you so happy?我说了什么话让你如此高兴?(表结果)
To hear him talk in that manner,you would think him a native
听他这样说话,你会以为他是本地人。(表原因)
②不定式与only,never连用,表示强调结果或者表示未预料的结果。
1 went to see him only to find him out.我去看望他,结果发现他不在。
We rush back to classroom,only to find there is no one
我们冲回教室,结果却发现教室没有人。
③不定式也常与enough连用,作程度状语。
Idon't know him well enough to ask him for help.我跟他不熟,不能叫他帮忙。
The boy is old enough to go to school,.这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。
④不定式可以作独立成分,相当于句子状语,常见的有:
to begin with首先
to conclude最后
to tell you the truth老实对你说
to be frank坦率地说
to be fair说句公道话
s0 to speak可以说
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