There was a time when abortions were simply a part of life in the United States.
曾经，堕胎仅仅是美国人生活中一部分。
Historian Leslie Reagan says up until around 1880, abortions were legal and widely practiced.
历史学家莱斯利·里根指出，在1880年之前，堕胎都是合法且被广泛认可的。
They were only illegal after quickening, a subjective term used to describe when a pregnant woman could feel the fetus moving.
在过去，在胎动之后堕胎是违法的。胎动这一词是个主观性术语，即孕妇感受到胎儿在腹中活动。
In her book, "When Abortion Was a Crime," Reagan says, "Not even the Catholic Church believed life existed before that." Before 1880, abortion drugs were a booming business.
里根在她的书《当堕胎成为犯罪》中说，”甚至连天主教也不会相信在胎动之前有生命存在“。在1880年之前，堕胎药是一个蓬勃发展的行业。
Those who wanted to regulate that business were mainly worried about poisoning, not as Reagan notes, moral, religious, or political issues.
起初想要规范该行业的人们担心会引起中毒，而不像里根所说的那样，是因为道德、宗教或政治问题。
But the American Medical Association began a crusade in 1857 to make abortion illegal.
但在 1857 年，美国医学协会开始了一场堕胎权非法化的运动。
In 1873, Congress passed the Comstock Law, which banned abortion drugs nationwide.
1873 年，美国国会通过了康斯托克法，在全国范围内禁止使用堕胎药物。
By 1880, abortion was illegal in most states, unless it was necessary to save the life of the woman.
到1880年后，美国大多数地区都禁止堕胎，除非涉及到女性的生命安全。
But why?
那么原因是什么呢？
According to Reagan, the initial desire came from physicians who wanted to push out their competition, primarily midwives and homeopaths.
据里根所说，起初是想要推动医生之间的竞争，其中主要是助产士和顺势疗法医生。
Leaders also feared abortion was contributing to the fall of birth rates among white women.
同时也担心堕胎会降低白人生育率。
It wasn't until the 1960s when the women's liberation movement gained steam that reproductive rights took center stage.
直到20世纪60年代，伴随着女权运动的兴起，女性生育权的问题开始成为话题。
Roe versus Wade, the Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion in the United States, passed in 1973.
罗伊诉韦德案则是最高法院在 1973 年通过的美国堕胎合法化的裁决。
But since then, states have enacted more than 1,000 laws that limit access to the procedure.
但自那以后，各州颁布了 1,000 多部法律来限制该法案的实施。
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