The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. (2001T1 #9#21)
reinforce：to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger
referee: to read and check the quality of a technical article before it is published
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