声音简介
每年有超过3000万人从监狱中获释。许多人离开时的健康状况和进入时一样糟糕。最终入狱的人感染艾滋病毒和肝炎等疾病的几率更高；以及认知障碍、精神疾病和成瘾。囚犯往往有这些问题中的几个，往往植根于虐待或其他创伤。不出所料，有前科的人比从未入狱的人死得早。令人震惊的是，在释放后的几天内死亡的人数之多。
A paper in the Lancet on April 10th by an international research consortium led by Rohan Borschmann from the University of Melbourne and Stuart Kinner from Curtin University, in Perth, sums up an analysis of the records of nearly 1.5m prisoners released between 1980 and 2018 in America, Australia, Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland and Sweden.
4月10日，墨尔本大学的罗翰 · 博尔施曼和珀斯科廷大学的斯图尔特 · 金纳领导的一个国际研究联合会在《柳叶刀》上发表了一篇论文，对1980年至2018年间美国、澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、新西兰、挪威、苏格兰和瑞典近150万囚犯的释放记录进行了分析。
These ex-prisoners were followed up by consortium members for an average of seven years. The researchers found that mortality was highest in the first week following release and fell dramatically after that. In the first week it was more than twice as high as it was a month later. (The researchers excluded the spike in deaths on day one, which they discovered was partly due to recording errors for inmates who had died in custody.)
研究小组成员对这些前囚犯进行了平均7年的跟踪调查。研究人员发现，释放后的第一周死亡率最高，之后急剧下降。第一周是一个月后的两倍多。(研究人员排除了第一天死亡人数的激增，他们发现这部分是由于在押期间死亡的囚犯记录错误所致。)
In the first few weeks on the outside alcohol and drug poisoning represented the leading cause of death in every country except for Brazil (where deaths from violence predominated). One possible explanation is that enforced abstinence when in prison makes an addict's body less able to handle their usual dose, increasing the risk of fatal intoxication thereafter. Deaths from alcohol and drugs remained high beyond the first week of freedom but were eventually overtaken by the combined deaths from suicides, accidents and disease.
在最初的几周里，酒精和药物中毒是除巴西（暴力死亡占主导地位）以外的所有国家的主要死亡原因。一种可能的解释是，在监狱中强制禁欲会使瘾君子的身体无法掌控通常剂量，从而增加此后致命中毒的风险。在获得自由的第一周之后，酒精和毒品导致的死亡人数仍然居高不下，但最终被自杀、事故和疾病导致的死亡人数总和所取代。
These results, if put to use, could save lives. Upon their release, prisoners with opioid addiction could be provided with naloxone, a drug that treats opioid overdose. This has been tried in parts of Canada since 2016, with naloxone kits given to prisoners upon release, on the assumption that either they or a close contact would be likely to need it. (The consequences of this intervention were outside the scope of this week's paper.)
这些成果如果得到应用，可以挽救生命。阿片类药物成瘾的囚犯获释后可获得纳洛酮，这是一种治疗阿片类药物过量的药物。自 2016 年起，加拿大部分地区开始尝试这种做法，在假定囚犯或其亲密接触者可能需要纳洛酮的情况下，向获释囚犯发放纳洛酮包。(这种干预的后果不在本周论文的讨论范围之内）。
Ensuring better access to mental-health services in the first weeks after release could also be beneficial. A study from the Netherlands published in 2021 found that prison has no net effect on inmates' pre-existing health. Someone who goes in unwell, in other words, comes out unwell. Appropriate care behind bars could change that, helping prisoners better face what awaits them outside.
确保在获释后的头几周更好地获得心理健康服务，也会有所裨益。荷兰在 2021 年发表的一项研究发现，监狱对囚犯原有的健康没有任何净影响。换句话说，一个人进去的时候不舒服，出来的时候也不舒服。狱中适当的护理可以改变这种状况，帮助囚犯更好地面对狱外的生活。
音频列表
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
- 2024-04
查看更多
用户评论