何为大学（一）

2024-04-20 22:58:2003:10 21

声音简介

何为大学（一）

课程导读

对于一般人而言，大学就是高中毕业后，接下来要自然而然去接受高等教育的地方。但是，你有没有仔细思考过究竟何为大学？大学的核心本质是什么？它的作用是什么？在知识传播的过程中，大学扮演的是什么样的角色？从这节课开始，一起来探讨何为大学。

【作者简介】
约翰·亨利·纽曼（John Henry Newman, 1801-1890），英国作家、神学家，也被称为“红衣主教纽曼”。《何为大学？》选自约翰·亨利·纽曼所著《大学的崛起和进步》（Rise and Progress of Universities）第二章。

英文原文

WHAT IS A UNIVERSITY?

If I were asked to describe as briefly and popularly as I could, what a university was, I should draw my answer from its ancient designation of a Studium Generale, or “School of Universal Learning.”

This description implies the assemblage of strangers from all parts in one spot—from all parts; else, how will you find professors and students for every department of knowledge; and in one spot; else, how can there be any school at all?

Accordingly, in its simple and rudimental form, it is a school of knowledge of every kind, consisting of teachers and learners from every quarter.

Many things are requisite to complete and satisfy the idea embodied in this description; but such as this a university seems to be in its essence, a place for the communication and circulation of thought, by means of personal intercourse, through a wide extent of country.

There is nothing far-fetched or unreasonable in the idea thus presented to us; and if this be a university, then a university does but contemplate a necessity of our nature, and is but one specimen in a particular medium, out of many which might be abduced in others, of a provision for that necessity.

Mutual education, in a large sense of the word, is one of the great and incessant occupations of human society, carried on partly with set purpose, and partly not.

One generation forms another; and the existing generation is ever acting and reacting upon itself in the persons of its individual members.

Now, in this process, books, I need scarcely say, that is, the litera scripta, are one special instrument.

It is true; and emphatically so in this age.

Considering the prodigious powers of the press, and how they are developed at this time in the never-intermitting issue of periodicals, tracts, pamphlets, works in series, and light literature, we must allow there never was a time which promised fairer for dispensing with every other means of information and instruction.

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