Cao Hong (died 232 CE), courtesy name Zilian, was a military leader of the early Three Kingdoms period (220-280). He hailed from Qiao in the princedom of Pei (modern Boxian, Anhui) and was a paternal cousin of the warlord Cao Cao. During the battle of Xingyang against the tyrant Dong Zhuo he prevented the defeat of Cao Cao's commander Xu Rong. Afterwards he successfully battled against Zhang Miao and Lü Bu, and was therefore granted the title of commander of the soaring-hawk guard (yingyang xiaowei ), and shortly later appointed martial leader of the court gentlemen (yangwu zhonglang jiang ).
When Cao Cao transferred the imperial capital to his own seat in Xu, Cao Hong was made Grand Master of Remonstrance (jianyi dafu ). The victory over the warlord Liu Biao earned him the title of *Fiercly rushing general (lirui jiangjun ), and the given the title of neighbourhood marquis (tinghou ) of Guoming. Further military successes were crowned with the title of *protector-general (duhu jiangjun ).
The accession to the throne of Cao Cao's son Cao Pi (Emperor Wen of Wei, r. 220-226) first led to higher promotions (general of the guards, wei jiangjun, cavalry general, piaoji jiangjun, Marquis of Weyang and Marquis of Duyang ), but a social offense ended with the emperor's decision to strip him off all titles and to confiscate his land. Only when Emperor Ming (r. 226－239 CE) mounted the throne, Cao Hong was reinstated his honours, granted the title of *General to the Rear (hou jiangjun ), and given the title of Marquis of Lecheng. His posthumous title is Marquis Gong.
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