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Thanksgiving is one of the top holidays in the U. S, known for a trademark feast, full of amazing foods and traditionally headed up by a big turkey.
感恩节是美国最重要的节日之一，以标志性的盛宴而闻名，盛宴上充满了令人惊奇的食物，按照传统一定会有一只火鸡作为主菜。
But when and why did turkeys become the main course on Thanksgiving?
但是火鸡是什么时候，以及为什么成为了感恩节的主菜呢？
Let's find out on today's episode of Colossal Questions.
让我们来在今天的十万个为什么中一探究竟吧。
There is historical evidence of a feast shared between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag people in 1621, an event which has come to be known as the first Thanksgiving.
有历史证据表明，清教徒和万帕诺亚格人在 1621 年共享盛宴，这就成为了第一个感恩节。
But it wasn't the kind of Thanksgiving feast we might imagine today.
但这不是我们今天想象的那种感恩节大餐。
There was no mashed potatoes, stuffing or sweet pies for dessert.
甜点也没有土豆泥、馅料或甜甜的派。
And maybe most shocking of all, there might not have been any turkey, either.
也许最令人震惊的是，可能当时也没有火鸡。
Turkeys were native to the area and a common source of food at the time.
火鸡原产于该地区，是大家很常见的食物来源。
But we know the Wampanoag brought deer and the Pilgrims brought wild fell, which could have been turkey, but may have been duck, goose or swan.
但是我们知道万帕诺亚格人会带鹿去盛宴，而清教徒则会带一些野味，可能是火鸡，但可能是鸭子、鹅或天鹅。
And the poultry options weren't the only thing different about the first Thanksgiving menu.
家禽并不是第一份感恩节菜单唯一的不同之处。
Seafood was a plenty and probably on the menu.
而且有很多海鲜，可能还在菜单上。
Mussels, oysters, lobsters, bass and clams were all over the New England Shores, as were fruits and vegetables like onions, peas, cabbage, blueberries, gooseberries, raspberries, grapes, plums and raw cranberries.
贻贝、牡蛎、龙虾、鲈鱼和蛤蜊遍布新英格兰海岸，洋葱、豌豆、卷心菜、蓝莓、醋栗、覆盆子、葡萄、李子和蔓越莓等水果和蔬菜也是如此。
Not exactly the massive feast we think of today.
所以并不完全是我们今天所想的盛宴。
In fact, the Pilgrims hadn't even built themselves an oven for baking.
事实上，清教徒们当时甚至还没有用于烘烤的烤箱。
Ao there were no way to cook of any kind.
所以没有办法烹饪任何食物。
And not only was the menu quite different, but the event itself wasn't as big of a deal at the time as we make it out to be today.
不仅菜单完全不同，而且这个活动本身在当时也没有我们今天想象的那么重要。
For the Pilgrims, large autumn harvest feasts were nothing new.
对清教徒来说，大型秋收盛宴并不是什么新鲜事。
Europeans had been holding Harvest festivals since the ancient times.
欧洲人自古以来就会举行丰收节。
So holding a special day of Thanksgiving was pretty common for the New England colonists.
所以在特定的一天举行感恩节对于新英格兰殖民者来说是非常普遍的。
So when did Thanksgiving go from a run-of-the-mill celebration to a major modern American holiday, known mostly for a big turkey feast?
那么，感恩节是什么时候从一个普通的庆祝活动变成了一个以火鸡大餐闻名的现代美国重大节日的呢？
Well, no one can say exactly when the turkey officially became the main course on the Thanksgiving menu.
没有人确切地知道火鸡是什么时候正式成为感恩节菜单上的主菜的。
But many point to a writer and activist named Sarah Josepha Hale.
但是许多人指出可能和一位名叫莎拉·约瑟法·黑尔的作家和活动家有关。
She's considered by many to be the person most responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday in the U. S and for making the turkey a main staple of the menu.
许多人认为是她让感恩节成为了美国全国性节日，让火鸡成为了感恩节的主菜。
Why turkey as opposed to other wild fell?
为什么火鸡，而不是其他野生动物呢？
Well, by the early 1800s, turkey had become a staple food to serve for feasts.
到了 19 世纪初，火鸡已经成为宴会的主食。
They were super common, super easy to hunt and big enough to feed a full family.
它们非常常见，非常容易狩猎，而且也足够大，可以养活一大家子人。
In 1846, Hale began to publicly push to make Thanksgiving an official national holiday.
1846 年，黑尔开始公开推动将感恩节定为正式的全国性节日。
It would take her 17 years of lobbying five different presidents before Abraham Lincoln was finally convinced.
她花了 17 年时间游说五位不同的总统，直到最后亚伯拉罕·林肯被说服了。
He supported her push and was able to establish Thanksgiving as an American national holiday in 1863.
他支持她的努力，并在 1863 年将感恩节确立为美国的全国性节日。
This was a pretty big deal.
这是非常重要的一件事情。
At the time, there were only two national holidays in the U. S, Washington's birthday and Independence Day.
当时，美国只有两个全国性节日，华盛顿诞辰和独立日。
As Thanksgiving became an organized holiday, a mythology started to form around it.
随着感恩节成为一个正式的节日，围绕它的传说就开始出现了。
Suddenly, the Pilgrims faced with the Wampanoag was known as the first Thanksgiving and treated like a monumental event.
突然间，万帕诺亚格和清教徒的相遇就成为了第一个万圣节，而且是一个重大的节日。
Over time, the connection between Pilgrims, turkeys and Thanksgiving became so intertwined that it's hard to imagine one without the other.
随着时间的推移，清教徒、火鸡和感恩节就紧密地交织在一起，以至于很难在想到其中一个的时候不想到另一个。
So this Thanksgiving enjoy a plate full of whatever Thanksgiving foods you like the best.
所以，在这个感恩节，请好好享用满满一盘你最喜欢的感恩节食物吧。
And be glad our bounty is a bit more impressive than the first time around.
令人高兴的是，今天我们的盛宴比之前好多啦。
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