Day008

2018-02-23 18:40:0508:26 1178
声音简介

单词本:

accrue[ə'kru]

vi. 产生;自然增长或利益增加

vt. 获得;积累

kinship ['kɪnʃɪp]

n. [法] 亲属关系,家属关系;亲密关系

repose [rɪ'poz]

n. 休息;睡眠;静止

vt. 使休息;寄托于

vi. 休息;座落;长眠;依靠;静卧;建立于

unbridle [,ʌn'braidl]

vt. 卸下马的辔头;放纵

procure [prə'kjʊr]

vt. 获得,取得;导致

vi. 取得

idle['aɪdl]

adj. 闲置的;懒惰的;停顿的

vi. 无所事事;虚度;空转

vt. 虚度;使空转

On pleasure

Epicurus

Sincepleasure is the first good and natural to us, for this very reason we do notchoose every pleasure, but sometimes we pass over many pleasures, when greaterdiscomfort accrues to us as the result of them;and similarly we think many pains better than pleasures, since a greaterpleasure comes to us when we have endured pains for a long times. Everypleasure then because of its natural kinship tous is good, yet not every pleasure is to be chosen; even as every pain also isan evil, yet not all are always of a nature to be avoided. Yet by a scale ofcomparison and by the consideration of advantages and disadvantages we mustform our judgment on all these matters. For the good on certain occasions wetreat as bad, and conversely the bad as good.

快乐对于我们来说是至善和自然的事,因此,我们不必选择所有的快乐,但有时我们回避许多快乐,因为那些快乐的结果会给我们带来巨大的不安;同样,我们认为许多痛苦强于快乐,因为长期忍受痛苦之后,更大的快乐便随之而来。就我们与自然的关系而言,每一种快乐都美好的,但并非第一种快乐都是可取的;正如所有的痛苦都是不幸的,但并非总能自然躲避掉一样。但是出于权衡利弊考虑我们必须依靠某种尺度对所有的事物做出判断,因为某种情况下我们把好事视为坏事,反之将坏视为好。

We mustconsider that of desires some are natural, others vain, and of the natural someare necessary and others merely natural; and of the necessary some arenecessary for happiness, others for the reposeof the body, and others for very life…

必须看到,有些欲望是自然的,有些是徒劳的,在前者中有些是必须的,而另一些纯属自然而已;在必须的欲望之中,有些是幸福所需,有些是类似睡眠之必须,而另一些是维持生计……

Unhappinesscomes either through fear or through vain and unbridleddesire; but if a man curbs these, he can win for himself the blessedness ofunderstanding… Of desires, all that do not lead to a sense of pain, if they arenot satisfied, are not necessary, but involve a craving which is easilydispelled, when the object is hard to procure orthey seem likely to produce harm. Wherever in the case of desires which arenatural, but do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not fulfilled, theeffort is intense, such pleasures are due to idleimagination, and it is not owing to their own nature that they fail to bedispelled, but owing to the empty imaginings of the man…

苦恼源于恐惧,徒劳而无节制的欲望;但是如果人能克制欲望,他就赢得彻悟人生的幸福……在所有的欲望中,不会导致痛苦感,又无法满足,但是还有一种被驱散的感觉,因目标很难达到,而且看来很容易生成伤害的欲望,都是不必要的……有些自然的欲望即使无法实现,也不能带来某种伤害,但人们求之不得,这些是无聊的想象,虽然没被驱散,实属基于人们的幻想也并非本质使然。

The disturbance of the soul cannot be ended nor truejoy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor andrespect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated withcauses of unlimited desires. We must not violate nature but obey her; and weshall obey her if we fulfill the necessary desires and also the natural, ifthey bring no harm to us, but sternly reject the harmful. They man who followsnature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference towhat is enough for nature every possession is riches, but in reference tounlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but poverty.

灵魂的骚动不能止步,因真正的快乐不是因拥有巨额财富,不是因民众眼中的信任和尊重,不是因无穷尽的身外之物……我们不可亵渎自然,应该尊重自然;满足自己的欲望,同时,如果自然的欲望没有损害我们,也要满足自然的,否则应严加抵制……顺应自然,不枉费心机,是独立于一切欲望之上的人。所拥有的财富能满足自然欲望的人是富有的,而那些有难填欲壑即使家财万贯,也不是财富而贫困。

 

背景信息


伊壁鸠鲁成功地发展了阿瑞斯提普斯(Aristippus)的享乐主义,并将之与德谟克利特的原子论结合起来。

伊壁鸠鲁生于公元前341年的萨摩斯,但父母亲都是雅典人,他在18岁时搬到雅典,之后曾去过小亚细亚,并在那里受到德谟克利特哲学的影响,公元前307年开始在雅典建立了一个学派,这个学派在他去世之前一直在雅典活动。

传说中该学派居于他的住房和庭院内,与外部世界完全隔绝,因此被人称为花园哲学家。据说在庭院的入口处有一块告示牌写着:陌生人,你将在此过着舒适的生活。在这里享乐乃是至善之事。

伊壁鸠鲁的学说被他的历代弟子奉为必须遵守的信条。伊壁鸠鲁的著名学生有麦特罗多洛、科洛特和继承伊壁鸠鲁学园领袖的赫尔玛可。

伊壁鸠鲁的学说广泛传播于希腊罗马世界。伊壁鸠鲁学派作为最有影响的学派之一延续了4个世纪 。

罗马时期伊壁鸠鲁学派的著名代表有菲拉德谟和卢克莱修。卢克莱修写的哲学长诗《物性论》,系统地宣传和保存了伊壁鸠鲁的学说。

3世纪以后 ,伊壁鸠鲁的学说成了基督教的劲敌。

在中世纪,伊壁鸠鲁成了不信上帝、不信天命、不信灵魂不死的同义语。

文艺复兴时期,由于卢克莱修《物性论》的发现和出版,扩大了伊壁鸠鲁学说对早期启蒙思想家的影响。

17世纪P.伽森狄全面恢复了伊壁鸠鲁学说,它直接影响了1718世纪英、法唯物主义哲学和自然科学。伊壁鸠鲁的社会契约说是近代社会契约论的直接先驱,他的伦理思想对英国J.边沁、J.S.密尔等的功利主义发生了影响。

 


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bgm跟你声音一比…就是 噪音

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