什么是进取型目标？什么是防御型目标？
何时应该乐观？何时应该悲观？
乐观精神更适合进取型目标；
但是防御型目标则不那么乐观。
这一课，乐乐老师带你研究进取和防御型目标的不同。
金句和单词
金句一：
Promotion-focused goals are thought about in terms of achievement and accomplishment. They are about doing something you would ideally like to do.
achievement 成就
accomplishment 成就
ideally 理想地
金句二：
Prevention-focused goals are thought about in terms of safety and danger. They are about fulfilling responsibilities, doing the things you feel you ought to do.
safety 安全
danger 危险
fulfil 履行；实现
responsibility 责任
金句三：
Human beings appear to be born with the innate desire to satisfy two essential needs: the needs for nurturance and security.
satisfy 满足
nurturance 抚育
security 安全
金句四：
The key to happiness is to both accentuate the positive and eliminate the negative.
accentuate 强调
positive 积极的
eliminate 消除
negative 消极的
金句五：
Promotion parenting rewards children by showering them with praise and affection when they do something right, and withholding love when they do something wrong.
shower 大量给予
shower sb with sth 大量给予某人以…
praise 赞扬
affection 喜爱
withhold 拒绝给予
金句六：
Prevention parenting involves punishing children for doing something wrong, and rewarding them for doing something right by not punishing them.
punish 惩罚
punish sb for sth 因为某事惩罚某人
reward 奖赏
reward sb for sth 因为某事奖赏某人
金句七：
Western cultures tend to value independence and emphasize the importance of the individual, they typically foster promotion goals.Eastern cultures, in contrast, tend to value interdependence and place the greatest importance on the groups to which we belong, like our families.
emphasize 强调
foster 培养
interdependence 互相依赖
金句八：
The kind of motivation you have when you are trying to reach a promotion goal—an achievement or accomplishment—feels like eagerness, an enthusiastic desire to really go for it.
eagerness 渴望
enthusiastic 满腔热情的
金句九：
In pursuit of prevention goals—seeking safety and security—the motivation you have feels like vigilance, a desire to stay clear of danger.
vigilance 警惕
本课单词
动词们：
fulfil 履行；实现
satisfy 满足
accentuate 强调
eliminate 消除
shower 大量给予
shower sb with sth 大量给予某人以…
withhold 拒绝给予
punish 惩罚
punish sb for sth 因为某事惩罚某人
reward 奖赏
reward sb for sth 因为某事奖赏某人
emphasize 强调
foster 培养
名词们：
achievement 成就
accomplishment 成就
safety 安全
danger 危险
responsibility 责任
nurturance 抚育
security 安全
praise 赞扬
affection 喜爱
interdependence 互相依赖
eagerness 渴望
vigilance 警惕
形容词们：
positive 积极的
negative 消极的
enthusiastic 满腔热情的副词们:
ideally 理想地
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