中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议 01

                   中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议
       （2021年11月11日中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第六次全体会议通过）

           Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 

    on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century

（Adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 11, 2021）

序言

Preamble

中国共产党自一九二一年成立以来，始终把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴作为自己的初心使命，始终坚持共产主义理想和社会主义信念，团结带领全国各族人民为争取民族独立、人民解放和实现国家富强、人民幸福而不懈奋斗，已经走过一百年光辉历程。

Since its founding in 1921, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has remained true to its original aspiration and mission of seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. Staying committed to communist ideals and socialist convictions, it has united and led Chinese people of all ethnic groups in working tirelessly to achieve national independence and liberation, and then to make our country prosperous and strong and pursue a better life. The past century has been a glorious journey.

一百年来，党领导人民浴血奋战、百折不挠，创造了新民主主义革命的伟大成就；自力更生、发愤图强，创造了社会主义革命和建设的伟大成就；解放思想、锐意进取，创造了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大成就；自信自强、守正创新，创造了新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就。党和人民百年奋斗，书写了中华民族几千年历史上最恢宏的史诗。

Over the past hundred years, the Party has led the people to a number of important milestones: achieving great success in the new-democratic revolution through bloody battles and unyielding struggles; achieving great success in socialist revolution and construction through a spirit of self-reliance and a desire to build a stronger China; achieving great success in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization by freeing minds and forging ahead; and achieving great success for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era through a spirit of self-confidence, self-reliance, and innovating on the basis of what has worked in the past. The endeavors of the Party and the people over the past century represent the most magnificent chapter in the millennia-long history of the Chinese nation.

总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，是在建党百年历史条件下开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、在新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的需要；是增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，做到坚决维护习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，确保全党步调一致向前进的需要；是推进党的自我革命、提高全党斗争本领和应对风险挑战能力、永葆党的生机活力、团结带领全国各族人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而继续奋斗的需要。

A review of the Party's major achievements and historical experience over the past century is necessary for the following purposes: starting a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects in the historical context of the Party's centenary; upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era; strengthening our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; enhancing our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; resolutely upholding Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and upholding the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership to ensure that all Party members act in unison; advancing the Party's self-reform, building all Party members' fighting capacity, strengthening their ability to respond to risks and challenges, and maintaining the Party's vigor and vitality; and uniting and leading all Chinese people in making continued efforts to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

全党要坚持唯物史观和正确党史观，从党的百年奋斗中看清楚过去我们为什么能够成功、弄明白未来我们怎样才能继续成功，从而更加坚定、更加自觉地践行初心使命，在新时代更好坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。

All Party members should uphold historical materialism and adopt a rational outlook on the Party's history. Looking back on the Party's endeavors over the past century, we can see why we were successful in the past and how we can continue to succeed in the future. This will ensure that we act with greater resolve and a stronger sense of purpose in staying true to our Party's founding mission, and that we more effectively uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

一九四五年党的六届七中全会通过的《关于若干历史问题的决议》、一九八一年党的十一届六中全会通过的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》，实事求是总结党的重大历史事件和重要经验教训，在重大历史关头统一了全党思想和行动，对推进党和人民事业发挥了重要引领作用，其基本论述和结论至今仍然适用。

The Party adopted the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party at the seventh plenary session of its Sixth Central Committee in 1945 and the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China at the sixth plenary session of its 11th Central Committee in 1981. These two resolutions embody a facts-based review of major events in the Party's history, as well as important experience gained and lessons learned. These documents unified the whole Party in thinking and action at key historical junctures and played a vital guiding role in advancing the cause of the Party and the people. Their basic points and conclusions remain valid to this day.

一、夺取新民主主义革命伟大胜利

I. A Great Victory in the New-Democratic Revolution

新民主主义革命时期，党面临的主要任务是，反对帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义，争取民族独立、人民解放，为实现中华民族伟大复兴创造根本社会条件。

In the period of the new-democratic revolution, the main tasks of the Party were to oppose imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat-capitalism, seek national independence and the people's liberation, and create the fundamental social conditions necessary for realizing national rejuvenation.

中华民族是世界上古老而伟大的民族，创造了绵延五千多年的灿烂文明，为人类文明进步作出了不可磨灭的贡献。一八四〇年鸦片战争以后，由于西方列强入侵和封建统治腐败，中国逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会，国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难。

With a history stretching back more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation is a great and ancient nation that has fostered a splendid civilization and made indelible contributions to the progress of human civilization. After the Opium War of 1840, however, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society due to the aggression of Western powers and the corruption of feudal rulers. The country endured intense humiliation, the people were subjected to untold misery, and the Chinese civilization was plunged into darkness. The Chinese nation suffered greater ravages than ever before.

为了拯救民族危亡，中国人民奋起反抗，仁人志士奔走呐喊，进行了可歌可泣的斗争。太平天国运动、洋务运动、戊戌变法、义和团运动接连而起，各种救国方案轮番出台，但都以失败告终。孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，但未能改变中国半殖民地半封建的社会性质和中国人民的悲惨命运。中国迫切需要新的思想引领救亡运动，迫切需要新的组织凝聚革命力量。

To save the nation from peril, the Chinese people rose to fight back, and patriots of high ideals sought to pull the nation together, putting up a heroic and moving struggle. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, and the Yihetuan Movement rose one after the other, and a variety of plans were devised to ensure national survival, but all of these ended in failure. The Revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen brought down the absolute monarchy that had reigned over China for thousands of years, but it failed to change the semi-colonial and semi-feudal nature of Chinese society and to alter the bitter fate of the Chinese people. China was in urgent need of new ideas to lead the movement to save the nation and a new organization to rally forces of revolution.

十月革命一声炮响，给中国送来了马克思列宁主义。五四运动促进了马克思主义在中国的传播。在中国人民和中华民族的伟大觉醒中，在马克思列宁主义同中国工人运动的紧密结合中，一九二一年七月中国共产党应运而生。中国产生了共产党，这是开天辟地的大事变，中国革命的面貌从此焕然一新。

With the salvoes of Russia's October Revolution in 1917, Marxism-Leninism was brought to China. The May 4th Movement of 1919 spurred the spread of Marxism throughout the country. Then in July 1921, as the Chinese people and the Chinese nation were undergoing a great awakening and Marxism-Leninism was becoming closely integrated with the Chinese workers' movement, the Communist Party of China was born. The founding of a communist party in China was an epoch-making event, and from then on the Chinese revolution took on an entirely new look.

党深刻认识到，近代中国社会主要矛盾是帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾、封建主义和人民大众的矛盾。实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须进行反帝反封建斗争。

The Party was keenly aware that the conflicts between imperialism and the Chinese nation, and those between feudalism and the people constituted the principal contradiction in modern Chinese society. To realize national rejuvenation, it would be essential to initiate an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle.

建党之初和大革命时期，党制定民主革命纲领，发动工人运动、青年运动、农民运动、妇女运动，推进并帮助国民党改组和国民革命军建立，领导全国反帝反封建伟大斗争，掀起大革命高潮。

In the early days of the Party and during the Great Revolution, the Party formulated the program of the democratic revolution, launched movements of workers, youths, peasants, and women, promoted and supported the reorganization of the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) and the founding of the National Revolutionary Army, and led the great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle across the country, bringing about a surge in the Great Revolution.

一九二七年国民党内反动集团叛变革命，残酷屠杀共产党人和革命人民，由于党内以陈独秀为代表的右倾思想发展为右倾机会主义错误并在党的领导机关中占了统治地位，党和人民不能组织有效抵抗，致使大革命在强大的敌人突然袭击下遭到惨重失败。

In 1927, the reactionary clique within the KMT betrayed the revolution, brutally massacring communists and other revolutionaries. Meanwhile, the Right deviationist ideas within the Party represented by Chen Duxiu grew into Right opportunist errors and came to dominate the Party's leadership. The Party and the people were unable to mount an effective resistance, resulting in a disastrous defeat for the Great Revolution under the surprise attack of a powerful enemy.

土地革命战争时期，党从残酷的现实中认识到，没有革命的武装就无法战胜武装的反革命，就无法夺取中国革命胜利，就无法改变中国人民和中华民族的命运，必须以武装的革命反对武装的反革命。

During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Party realized in light of harsh realities that without revolutionary armed forces, it would be impossible to defeat armed counter-revolutionaries, win the Chinese revolution, and thus change the fate of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. The Party would need to fight armed counter-revolution with armed revolution.

南昌起义打响武装反抗国民党反动派的第一枪，标志着中国共产党独立领导革命战争、创建人民军队和武装夺取政权的开端。八七会议确定实行土地革命和武装起义的方针。党领导举行秋收起义、广州起义和其他许多地区起义，但由于敌我力量悬殊，这些起义大多数失败了。事实证明，在当时的客观条件下，中国共产党人不可能像俄国十月革命那样通过首先占领中心城市来取得革命在全国的胜利，党迫切需要找到适合中国国情的革命道路。

The Nanchang Uprising of 1927 fired the opening shot of armed resistance against KMT reactionaries. This marked the start of the Communist Party of China's journey to lead the revolutionary struggle independently, build the people's armed forces, and seize state power by force. Soon afterwards, the policy of carrying out agrarian revolution and organizing armed uprisings was established at the August 7th Meeting. The Party led the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Guangzhou Uprising, and uprisings in many other areas. Due to the great disparity in strength between the enemy forces and our own, most of these uprisings ended in failure. The fact of the matter was that in view of objective conditions at the time, the Chinese communists could not follow the example of Russia's October Revolution and win nationwide revolutionary victory by taking key cities first. The Party urgently needed to find a revolutionary path compatible with China's actual conditions.