Altogether the passage
will be read to you four times.
During the first reading,
which will be done at normal speed,
listen and try to understand the meaning.
For the second and third readings,
the passage will be read
sentence by sentence,
or phrase by phrase,
with intervals of 15 seconds.
The last reading will be done
]t normal speed again
you should check your work.
[00:40.21]You will then be given ONE minute
[00:42.63]to check through your work once more.
[00:45.75]Please write the whole passage
[00:47.19]on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[00:49.61]Now listen to the passage.
[00:52.75]Learning Sympathy
[00:55.26]A big part of being human
[00:56.79]is feeling sympathy, /
[00:58.87]but how early on in our lives
[01:01.08]do we learn this?
[01:03.01]Scientists find that babies
[01:04.53]respond to other people
[01:06.57]by crying when other babies cry.
[01:09.47]However, babies can't distinguish
[01:12.17]between themselves and others /
[01:14.38]until they're eighteen
[01:15.63]to twenty months old. /
[01:18.02]Toddlers start to show concern
[01:19.62]for others around this time. /
[01:22.29]Kids also begin to do things
[01:24.10]like comforting other people. /
[01:26.63]And by the time they're three, /
[01:28.74]most children will try to
[01:30.26]protect a victim in a fight.
[01:33.63]The second and third readings.
[01:36.95]You should begin writing now.
[01:40.99]A big part of being human
[01:42.58]is feeling sympathy
[01:59.81]A big part of being human
[02:01.50]is feeling sympathy
[02:18.47]but how early on in our lives
[02:20.90]do we learn this?
[02:37.15]but how early on in our lives
[02:39.62]do we learn this? /
[02:56.32]Scientists find that babies
[02:57.94]respond to other people /
[03:15.20]Scientists find that babies
[03:16.78]respond to other people /
[03:33.84]by crying when other babies cry. /
[03:51.58]by crying when other babies cry. /
[04:09.45]However, babies can't distinguish
[04:12.18]between themselves and others /
[04:29.62]However, babies can't distinguish
between themselves and others
until they're eighteen
to twenty months old.
[until they're eighteen
[to twenty months old. /
[05:25.77]Toddlers start to show concern
for others around this time. /
Toddlers start to show concern
[for others around this time. /
]Kids also begin to do things
[06:05.46]like comforting other people. /
[06:22.67]Kids also begin to do things
[06:24.52]like comforting other people. /
[06:42.05]And by the time they're three, /
[06:59.35]And by the time they're three, /
[07:16.49]most children will try to
[07:18.00]protect a victim in a fight.
[07:35.82]most children will try to
[07:37.41]protect a victim in a fight.
[07:55.30]The last reading.
[07:58.35]Learning Sympathy
[08:02.18]A big part of being human
[08:03.77]is feeling sympathy, /
[08:05.94]but how early on in our lives
[08:08.06]do we learn this? /
[08:09.98]Scientists find that babies
[08:11.46]respond to other people /
[08:13.53]by crying when other babies cry. /
[08:16.46]However, babies can't distinguish
[08:19.05]between themselves and others /
[08:21.40]until they're eighteen
[08:22.59]to twenty months old. /
[08:25.04]Toddlers start to show concern
[08:26.64]for others around this time. /
[08:29.37]Kids also begin to do things
[08:31.10]like comforting other people. /
[08:33.67]And by the time they're three, /
[08:35.62]most children will try to
[08:37.26]protect a victim in a fight.
[08:40.98]Now, you have one minute
[08:42.25]to check through your work.
[09:44.53]This is the end of Part I Dictation.
[09:49.32]PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
[09:53.25]SECTION A TALK
[09:56.13]In this section you will hear a talk.
[09:59.07]You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.
[10:01.71]While listening,
[10:03.01]you may look at the task
[10:04.31]on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write
[10:06.53]NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
[10:08.62]for each gap.
[10:10.31]Make sure what you fill in
[10:11.79]is both grammatically and
[10:13.81]semantically acceptable.
[10:16.40]You may use the blank sheet
[10:17.96]for note-taking.
[10:20.29]You have THIRTY seconds
[10:21.76]to preview the gap-filling task.
[10:55.57]Now listen to the talk.
[10:57.77]When it is over,
[10:58.95]you will be given TWO minutes
[11:00.81]to check your work.
[11:03.40]Online Education
[11:05.76]Good morning, everybody.
[11:07.49]In today's lecture,
[11:08.91]we will talk about online education.
[11:11.95]You know,
[11:12.41]in some parts of the world,
[11:14.20]it is not that easy for people
[11:16.03]to receive education.
[11:18.34]And even in the United States
[11:20.10]where education is available,
[11:22.23]it might not be within reach.
[11:25.18]Thus, online courses
[11:26.76]provided by those
[11:27.90]world-famous universities
[11:29.96]can bring the best quality education
[11:32.70]to as many people as we could
[11:34.50]around the world,
[11:35.92]and for free.
[11:37.82]First, let's talk a little bit
[11:39.62]about some of the components
[11:41.18]that go into online education.
[11:44.12]The first component is that
[11:45.80]when you move away
[11:46.90]from the constraints
[11:48.03]of a physical classroom
[11:50.21]and design content
[11:51.27]for an online format,
[11:52.88]you can break away from,
[11:54.95]for example,
[11:56.59]the one-hour lecture format.
[11:59.22]You can break up the material,
[12:00.85]for example, into short,
[12:02.99]modular units of 8 to 12 minutes,
[12:06.38]and each of the short units
[12:07.91]introduces a coherent concept.
[12:11.03]Students can deal with
[12:12.15]this material in different ways,
[12:14.26]depending on their background,
[12:15.78]their skills or their interests.
[12:18.47]So, for example,
[12:20.02]some students might
[12:21.00]benefit from a little bit of
[12:22.85]preparatory material
[12:24.55]that other students
[12:25.57]might already have.
[12:27.51]Other students might be interested
[12:29.22]in a particular topic
[12:31.21]that they want to pursue
[12:32.28]individually.
[12:33.82]So this format allows students
[12:35.98]to break away
[12:36.88]from the one-size-fits-all model
[12:39.02]of education,
[12:40.86]and allows students
[12:41.70]to follow a much more
[12:43.14]personalized curriculum.
[12:45.83]Second and perhaps
[12:46.90]one of the biggest components
[12:48.70]of our online education is that
[12:51.04]when we need to have students
[12:52.52]who practice with the material
[12:54.10]in order to really understand it.
[12:57.38]There's been a range of studies
[12:58.81]that demonstrate
[12:59.79]the importance of this.
[13:01.67]A study in Science last year,
[13:03.37]for example,
[13:04.74]demonstrates that
[13:05.73]even simple retrieval practice,
[13:08.27]where students are just
[13:09.51]supposed to repeat
[13:10.48]what they've already learned,
[13:12.35]gives considerably
[13:13.26]improved results
[13:14.67]on various achievement tests.
[13:17.22]So, we need to build in
[13:18.82]much more meaningful
[13:20.19]practice questions.
[13:22.28]Now, fortunately,
[13:23.72]technology has helped us
[13:25.11]to provide the students
[13:26.54]with feedback on those questions.
[13:29.20]We can now grade
[13:29.94]a range of interesting types
[13:31.64]of homework online.
[13:33.94]The third component is
[13:35.32]what is called collaborative learning.
[13:38.18]Students could collaborate
[13:39.31]in different online courses
[13:41.23]in a variety of ways.
[13:43.52]First of all,
[13:44.53]there was a question
[13:45.33]and answer forum,
[13:46.90]where students
[13:47.41]could pose questions,
[13:49.07]and other students
[13:49.80]could answer those questions.
[13:51.85]And what is really amazing
[13:53.34]is that, because
[13:54.61]there were so many students,
[13:56.49]it means that even if a student
[13:58.13]posed a question
[13:59.06]at 3 o'clock in the morning,
[14:01.30]somewhere around the world,
[14:02.90]there would be somebody
[14:03.92]who was awake and
[14:05.22]working on the same problem.
[14:07.16]And he might answer
[14:08.11]that question.
[14:09.60]And so,
[14:10.59]in many of the online courses,
[14:12.99]the median response time
[14:14.38]for a question
[14:15.24]on the question and answer forum
[14:17.27]was 22 minutes.
[14:19.89]So in a word,
[14:21.40]if we wanted to offer
[14:22.54]top quality education
[14:24.40]to everyone around the world
[14:25.81]for free,
[14:27.15]what would that affect us?
[14:29.37]Three things.
[14:30.61]First, it would establish education
[14:33.09]as a fundamental human right,
[14:35.95]where anyone around the world
[14:37.87]with the ability and the motivation
[14:40.26]could get the skills they need.
[14:42.43]Second, it would enable
[14:44.15]lifelong learning.
[14:46.18]It's a shame
[14:46.79]that for so many of us,
[14:48.64]learning stops
[14:49.88]when we finish high school
[14:51.29]or when we finish college.
[14:53.52]By making
[14:53.91]this amazing content available,
[14:56.60]we would be able to
[14:57.45]learn something new
[14:58.59]every time we wanted,
[15:00.48]whether it's just to
[15:01.57]expand our minds
[15:02.57]or it's to change our lives.
[15:05.47]And finally,
[15:06.58]this would make a wave
[15:07.60]of innovation possible,
[15:09.64]because amazing talent
[15:10.96]can be found everywhere.
[15:13.23]To sum up today,
[15:14.80]we have talked
[15:15.48]about some features
[15:16.19]of online education
[15:18.05]and its benefits.
[15:19.79]We are sure
[15:20.56]that online education
[15:22.10]will have a promising future.
[15:24.47]In the next lecture,
[15:25.72]we're going to learn
[15:26.73]how online education
[15:28.47]has changed people
[15:29.55]around the world.
[15:31.83]Now, you have TWO minutes
[15:33.32]to check your work.
[17:35.20]THIS IS THE END OF SECTION A TALK.
[17:39.66]SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
[17:43.87]In this section you will hear
[17:45.32]two conversations.
[17:46.99]At the end of each conversation,
[17:49.11]five questions will be asked
[17:50.92]about what was said.
[17:53.20]Both the conversations and the questions
[17:55.39]will be spoken ONCE ONLY.
[17:58.40]After each question
[17:59.84]there will be a ten-second pause.
[18:02.33]During the pause,
[18:04.08]you should read the four choices
[18:05.55]of A, B, C and D,
[18:08.18]and mark the best answer
[18:09.64]to each question
[18:11.02]on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
[18:13.52]You have THIRTY seconds
[18:14.79]to preview the choices.
[18:47.56]Now listen to the conversations.
[18:51.77]Conversation One
[18:54.05]Questions 1 to 5 are based on
[18:55.89]Conversation one.
[18:58.59]W: Good afternoon,
[18:59.76]this is B.E.S.
[19:00.99]customer service line.
[19:02.72]Maggie speaking.
[19:04.31]How can I help you?
[19:06.18]M: Yeah. Yeah. Look,
[19:07.34]it's about the computer
[19:08.87]I bought of you one month ago.
[19:10.82]W: Yes.
[19:11.61]What seems to be the problem?
[19:13.97]M: Well,
[19:14.50]I was transferring my files to it
[19:16.59]from my flash drive
[19:17.55]and they got lost.
[19:18.89]Everything!
[19:19.69]W: Okay. Now, don't worry.
[19:21.54]I'm sure
[19:22.08]we can sort something out.
[19:23.97]First, can you give me a few details?
[19:27.24]The computer has lost all your data,
[19:29.40]you say?
[19:30.65]M: Yes. But you don't understand.
[19:32.28]It's wiped everything
[19:33.88]of the flash drive as well.
[19:35.78]My whole life!
[19:37.20]My whole life was in those files!
[19:39.06]W: Oh. My goodness.
[19:40.62]Are you sure?
[19:41.96]Sounds like the problem
[19:43.01]is with your flash drive.
[19:45.15]M: Of course not.
[19:45.99]There is nothing wrong
[19:46.58]with my flash drive.
[19:48.06]I've had it for years.
[19:49.84]And I used it yesterday
[19:51.07]in my office,
[19:52.17]in another computer.
[19:53.51]W: Okay.
[19:54.67]I can understand
[19:55.42]how upset you must be.
[19:57.55]Now, I don't think
[19:58.80]we can deal with it
[19:59.76]on the phone,
[20:00.91]so I'm going to send
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