Part 3 加拿大概况
Chapter 17 国土与人民 Land and people
节 知识点名称 主观题
名词解释
人口
Bilingualism in Canada加拿大双语现象
答案：English and French are the two official languages in Canada. They have equal status and rights in all institutions of Parliament and the Federal Government. The official Languages Act (of 1969) does not oblige
citizens to learn both official languages.英语和法语是加拿大的两种官方语言。他们在议会和联邦政府的所有机构中享有平等的地位和权利。《官方语言法》（1969年）没有规定公民必须同时学习两种官方语言。
简答题
简介
①What contributes to the strong sense of regionalism in Canada?
答案：In Canada, a combination of physical barriers and a scattered population has led to a strong sense of regionalism.
① 是什么促成了加拿大强烈的地区主义意识？
答案：在加拿大，由于物理障碍和人口分散，形成了强烈的地区主义意识。
②Where did the name "Canada" come from?
答案：It is believed to have come from the native people, the Indians, who used the word "kanata" to describe a settlement.
② “加拿大”这个名字是从哪里来的？
答案：据信它来自印第安人，印第安人用“kanata”这个词来形容一个定居点。
国土
What are the two principal river systems in Canada?
答案：The two principal river systems are the Mackenzie and the St.
Lawrence.加拿大的两个主要水系是什么？
答案：两个主要的河流系统是麦肯齐河和圣劳伦斯.
气候
What are the main factors shaping the Canadian climate?
答案：The main factors shaping the Canadian climate are ocean currents, mountain ranges and latitude.影响加拿大气候的主要因素是什么？
答案：形成加拿大气候的主要因素是洋流、山脉和纬度
人口
①Who are the aboriginal people of Canada?① 谁是加拿大的原住民？
答案：Canada's aboriginal people are the Indians and the Inuit.
答案：加拿大的土著人是印第安人和因纽特人。
②What contributed to the great increase in the aboriginal population in Canada in the second half of the 20th century?
答案：Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, high birthrates
and access to improved medical care contributed to the great increase in the aboriginal population.② 是什么促成了20世纪后半叶加拿大土著人口的大幅增长？答案：从20世纪下半叶开始，高出生率和获得更好的医疗保健是土著人口大幅度增加的原因。
③What are the two official languages of Canada?
答案：Both English and French are official languages of Canada.
④Who are easy to immigrate to Canada now? 答案：Skilled workers and business people.④ 现在谁很容易移民到加拿大？答案：技术工人和商人。
⑤What has shaped Canada's heterogeneous population?
答案：Numerous waves of immigration have shaped and reshaped Canada's heterogeneous population.⑤ 是什么塑造了加拿大的异质人口？
答案：无数移民浪潮塑造和重塑了加拿大的异质人口。
⑥What are the three main groups of settlers living north of 55 degree north latitude in Canada?
答案：They are fur trappers, fishers and miners.⑥ 居住在加拿大北纬55度以北的三大移民群体是什么？
答案：他们是毛皮捕捉者、渔民和矿工。
文化
What is multiculturalism in Canada?什么是加拿大的多元文化主义？
答案：Multiculturalism in Canada is an official policy adopted by the federal government in 1971. Through various funding arrangements, the policy encourages ethnic communities to keep alive their languages and
cultural traditions.
答案：加拿大多元文化主义是1971年联邦政府通过的一项官方政策。通过各种资助安排，该政策鼓励少数民族社区保持其语言的生命力文化传统。
主要城市
Besides being the capital city of Canada, what is special about the city of Ottawa in terms of language?
答案：Half of its population are French speaking and half are English
speaking.除了是加拿大的首都，渥太华在语言方面有什么特别之处？
答案：一半人口讲法语，一半说英语。
Chapter 18 历史、政治与经济 History, Government and Economy
节
知识点名称
主观题
简答题
历史
①When did Canada become a partner nation with Britain?
答案：It was in 1931 that Canada became a partner nation with Britain.① 加拿大何时成为英国的伙伴国？
1931年，加拿大成为英国的伙伴国。
②Where is the name“Canada”believed to have come from?
答案：It is believed to have come from the native people, the Indians.② 据信“加拿大”这个名字来自哪里？
答案：据信它来自土著人，印第安人。
③What was the significance of the Statute of Westminister in 1931 to Canada?③ 1931年的《西部长规约》对加拿大有何意义？
答案：By the Statute of Westminster in 1931 Canada became a sovereign
nation.1931年根据威斯敏斯特法令，加拿大成为一个主权国家。
政治
What is the role of the Governor-General in Canada?
答 案 ：The Governor-General plays a largely ceremonial role. The Governor-General formally summons and dissolves Parliament, gives royal assent to bills passed by Parliament, and performs other executive
functions.加拿大总督的角色是什么？
答案：总督在很大程度上起着仪式性的作用。总督正式召集和解散议会，批准议会通过的法案，并履行其他行政职能。
经济
Why was the North American Free Trade Agreement significant in Canadian history?为什么北美自由贸易协定在加拿大历史上意义重大？
答案：The agreement solidified the already strong trading relationship
between Canada and the United States, which accounts for about three fourths of all Canadian trade.
答案：这项协议巩固了加拿大和美国之间业已牢固的贸易关系，美国占加拿大全部贸易的四分之三左右。
Part 4 澳大利亚概况
Chapter 19 国土与人民 Land and People
节
知识点名称
主观题
名词解释
地理分布
“the land down under”南边的土地”
答案：Australia is sometimes called “the land down under” because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere almost halfway around the world from Great
Britain, which was its mother country in the colonial era.
答案：澳大利亚有时被称为“南边的土地”，因为它位于南半球，距离殖民时代的母国大不列颠几乎相隔半个地球
人口
Australian Aborigines澳大利亚土著
答案：Australian Aborigines were the first settlers in Australia. For generations they were subjected to policies which segregated them on reserves and missions.In 1967, they gained Australian citizenship. Since then，they have struggled to restore a sense of indigenous history, dignity, and economic vitality to their diverse peoples.澳大利亚土著人是澳大利亚的第一批移民。几代人以来，他们都被隔离在保留地和任务。在1967年，他们获得澳大利亚国籍。从那时起，他们一直在努力恢复他们不同民族的土著历史、尊严和经济活力。
地理分布
①In terms of land area and population, which is the biggest state and which is the smallest state in Australia?
答案：In terms of land area, the biggest is Western Australia and the smallest is Tasmania; in terms of population, the biggest is New South Wales and the smallest is Tasmania.
① 就土地面积和人口而言，澳大利亚哪个州最大，哪个州最小？
答案：土地面积最大的是西澳州，最小的是塔斯马尼亚州；人口方面，最大的是新南威尔士州，最小的是塔斯马尼亚州。
②What are the three basic geographical regions in Australia?
答案：Australia can be divided into three basic geographical regions. They are the Western Plateau, the Eastern Highlands (or Great Dividing Range) and the Central Lowlands.② 澳大利亚的三个基本地理区域是什么？
答案：澳大利亚可分为三个基本地理区域。它们是西部高原、东部高原（或大分水岭）和中部低地。
③What are the three topographical regions in Australia?
答案：They are the Great Western Plateau, the Eastern Highlands and the Central Eastern Lowlands.③ 澳大利亚有哪三个地形区？
答案：它们是西部大高原、东部高原和中东部低地。
气候
①What is the most important factor that has influenced the population distribution in Australia?
答案：The hot, dry environment has the greatest influence on population distribution in Australia.① 影响澳大利亚人口分布的最重要因素是什么？
答案：炎热干燥的环境对澳大利亚的人口分布影响最大。
②What explains the absence of large forests in Australia?
答案：The hot dry conditions that are found over most of the continent are suitable for small plants such as grasses and shrubs rather than forests.② 澳大利亚没有大森林的原因是什么？
答案：大陆大部分地区的干热条件适合于小型植物，如草和灌木，而不是森林。
③Why do most people in Australia live along the coasts?
答案：Two thirds of the continent is hot and dry, that's why most people live along the coasts for the cool and wet weather.
③ 为什么大多数澳大利亚人都住在沿海？
答案：三分之二的大陆是炎热和干燥的，这就是为什么大多数人生活在沿海凉爽潮湿的天气。
植物和动物
Why is Australia rich in unique species of animals and plants?
答案：Australia is rich in unique species of animals and plants because of millions of years of isolation from Asia.
为什么澳大利亚有丰富的动植物物种？
答案：由于与亚洲隔绝数百万年，澳大利亚拥有丰富的独特动植物物种。
人口
①What is the most widespread religion in Australia?
答案：The most widespread religion in Australia is Christianity.
① 澳大利亚最普遍的宗教是什么？
答案：澳大利亚最普遍的宗教是基督教。
②Who are the native people living in Australia?
答案：They are the Aboriginals.
② 住在澳大利亚的原住民是谁？
答案：他们是土著居民。
文化
①Why is Australia Day celebrated on January 26?
答案：Australia Day is celebrated on January 26 to commemorate the arrival of the British First Fleet at Sydney Cove in 1788.
① 为什么澳大利亚节是在1月26日？
答案：澳大利亚日在1月26日庆祝，以纪念1788年英国第一舰队抵达悉尼湾。
②What is the policy that Australian governments have adopted to encourage people with different ethnic backgrounds to keep their own cultures?
答案：This policy is called multiculturalism.② 澳大利亚政府采取了什么政策来鼓励不同种族背景的人保留自己的文化？
答案：这个政策叫做多元文化主义
Chapter 20 历史、政治和经济 History, Government and Economy
节
知识点名称
主观题
名词解释
历史
penal colony罪犯流放地;殖民地;
答案：England's prisons were overcrowded. So the English government
decided to send prisoners to Australia to start a penal colony — a place where criminals are sent to live.英国的监狱人满为患。因此，英国政府决定把囚犯送到澳大利亚建立一个刑事殖民地——罪犯被送到那里居住的地方。
简答题
历史
①What does ACT stand for in Australian political division? 答案：It stands for Australian Capital Territory.① ACT在澳大利亚的政治分裂中代表什么？答案：代表澳大利亚首都领地。
②What drew thousands of new immigrants to Australia in 1851?
答案：The discovery of gold attracted thousands of new immigrants to Australia.② 1851年是什么吸引了成千上万的新移民来到澳大利亚？
答案：黄金的发现吸引了成千上万的新移民来到澳大利亚。
③Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia?
答案：Great Britain has had the greatest influence because Australia was settled as a British colony.③ 为什么英国对澳大利亚影响最大？
答案：由于澳大利亚作为英国殖民地定居，英国的影响力最大
④Why was Australia called a prison colony when it was founded in the late1700s?④ 为什么澳大利亚在18世纪末被称为监狱殖民地？
答案：Australia was called a prison colony because Europeans were sent to the continent as convicts from Great Britain and Ireland and as
security-support personnel, such as guards and soldiers.
答案：澳大利亚之所以被称为监狱殖民地，是因为欧洲人是作为大不列颠和爱尔兰的罪犯以及警卫和士兵等安全保障人员被派到欧洲大陆的
政府
①Who is the head of the Australian government?答案：The Queen of England.① 谁是澳大利亚政府首脑？答案：英国女王②公投提案如何在澳大利亚成为法律？
②How can a referendum proposal become law in Australia?
答案：In Australia a referendum proposal cannot become law unless it is
approved by an absolute majority of electors and by a majority of electorsin a majority of the States.
答案：在澳大利亚，公民投票提案除非得到绝对多数选民和大多数州大多数选民的批准，否则不能成为法律。
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